The Technology of Building Defects

Hinks, John; Cook, Geoff

doi:10.4324/9780203475362

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The ingress of moisture and increase in temperature at the change of seasons lead to a significant volume expansion of in applied paint, this can lead to various defects. Hinks and Cook (2003) agree that moisture penetration, a common feature in the coastal area is responsible for loss of adhesion between paint film and substrates. Other defects identified by Hinks and Cook (2003) that also agree with Radfar et al (2010) include blistering, cissing, blooming, chalking, bittiness, efflorescence growth, discolouration and peeling.…”

Section: Background Informationmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Hinks and Cook (2003) agree that moisture penetration, a common feature in the coastal area is responsible for loss of adhesion between paint film and substrates. Other defects identified by Hinks and Cook (2003) that also agree with Radfar et al (2010) include blistering, cissing, blooming, chalking, bittiness, efflorescence growth, discolouration and peeling. FloresColen et al (2008) also identified efflorescence growth on wall surface due to the deposition of soluble salt.…”

Section: Background Informationmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Performance and resistance of paint used as exterior finish in salt laden environment

Folorunso

Ahmad²

2013

Structural Survey

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Purpose -Painting of buildings predates civilization. The primary purpose was to add beauty or aesthetics to the built environment. It was also to showcase the level of civilization, taste and fashion drive of the people. However, modern findings have proved that paint (when applied as a finishing coat on buildings) can elongate the service life of such buildings due to some characteristic properties it contains and modern additives that are included at production stage. This paper aims to examine some of the properties inherent in paint through which resistance to failure and better performance is enhanced, aesthetics is maintained and maintenance is reduced. It also examines whether these qualities subsist in all environments. Particular attention is given to its resistance to the impact of saline air when used around the Atlantic Ocean. Design/methodology/approach -The research adopted a qualitative and quantitative approach with empirical analysis in examining the performance of paint used in salt laden environment. Findings -It shows that paint used in an environment where saline air and salt is prevalent begins to deteriorate after two years and requires repainting as against the established norm of five to seven years (5-7) in areas that are not exposed to saline air. The impact of saline air is significant at po0.01. Practical Implication -Maximum life span of current paint products in the area is determined to provide adequate information for the preparation of maintenance schedule for painted exterior. Paint with higher resistance to salt attack is required to enhance the longevity of painted exterior in areas at close proximity to sources of salt. Specifying current available paint for exterior finish will be uneconomical and non-compatible with the principle of sustainability. Originality/value -The authors made a fresh attempt at investigating the life's span of paint used as exterior finish in salt laden area around the Atlantic Ocean due to the peculiarity of the stresses of the tropical region on external finishes. It also compared the result with existing researches. Differences in paint performance are established.

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Section: Background Informationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Background Informationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Performance and resistance of paint used as exterior finish in salt laden environment

Folorunso

Ahmad²

2013

Structural Survey

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“…However, crawl spaces are one of the most important causes of moisture and mould problems in houses, which can be a serious health issue for the occupants (causing allergies and sicknesses) and costly renovation costs (Hinks and Cook, 1999 et al, 2001a, b;Matilainen and Pasanen, 2002;Emenius et al, 2004;Cunningham et al, 2004). Over the last years, indoor air problems related to mould growth and moisture problems in the crawl space have been considered typically for both warm and cold crawl spaces.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled relative humidity in crawl spaces: a new treatment methodology

et al. 2013

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Purpose -Crawl space ventilation became essential to avoid moisture damage. Historical houses with wood floor and crawl spaces unventilated correctly often face problems of biological degradation. This paper seeks to address these issues. Design/methodology/approach -In this work a case study of the Egas Moniz museum house, in Estarreja, Portugal, with different building pathologies, such as biological degradation and development of micro-organisms and fungi, is presented. An experimental campaign was carried out with continuous monitoring of the relative humidity and temperature, to validate the real climatic conditions in the crawl spaces. Additionally, the authors analyse the treatment technologies used in the past and the characteristics of the rehabilitation solutions in order to control the hygrothermal behaviour. Simultaneously, numerical simulation was done using the software tool WUFI-2D to simulate the hygrothermal building behaviour and a sensitivity study of parameters used was done. Findings -The in-situ experimental results showed that high values of relative humidity imply biological degradation of the wood floor and the numerical and analytical models used showed the same tendency. The numerical results showed the importance of crawl spaces with a good ventilation to avoid mould growth and, also, suggested that controlled mechanical ventilation is preferable to strongly continuous mechanical ventilation in this type of spaces. The experimental study shows that the continuous functioning of a ventilation system may lead to the occurrence of interior condensation, so a hygro-regulated system is thus essential to control unwanted condensation, with an appropriate functioning criterion. Practical implications -In accordance with the numerical and experimental results, the authors proceeded to the implementation of a hygro-regulated system to ventilate the crawl spaces of the Egas Moniz museum house. Originality/value -This paper presents a new proposed intervention methodology, in crawl spaces, to avoid mould growth, based on an extraction controlled by a hygro-regulated ventilator.

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“…It is these properties, combined with the moisture level, that are the contributing factors that make it such a risky construction if it is not modified. The problems with some types of crawl spaces are recurring ones found throughout the world (Figley and Sieber, 2002; Matilainen and Pasanen, 2002; Hellström, 2002; Arnstad, 2002; Hinks and Cook, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Crawl spaces in wood framed single family dwellings in Sweden: unwanted yet popular

Burke

2007

Structural Survey

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Purpose -This paper sets out to look at the different types of crawl spaces that are found in Sweden and why they are still being used in today's constructions despite the advice of building experts to avoid their use. Design/methodology/approach -Literature reviews were performed to look at the types of crawl space foundations available as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each type and to look at the economic costs associated with repairing a damaged home that could be attributed to a crawl space foundation. Interviews were conducted with engineers with regard to moisture design issues in the Swedish building industry. Findings -This study shows that there are five traditional types of crawl spaces used in Sweden: plinth, outdoor ventilated, indoor ventilated, unventilated, and suspended crawl space foundations, four of which are currently available to builders. Despite all of the available knowledge regarding the disadvantages and the past performance of the outdoor ventilated crawl spaces, companies in Sweden are still using this design and are still experiencing expensive problems. Research limitations/implications -This paper is limited to Sweden. The situation in other countries was not specifically examined; however, it appears that other countries are also facing the same problems and this paper may provide some insight into why. Originality/value -This study shows that there are many ways to construct a crawl space, some of which are considerably less risky than others. The study also indicates that the building industry in general seems to lack the theoretical background or incentive to utilize these variations properly or completely move away from these designs.

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The Technology of Building Defects

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Performance and resistance of paint used as exterior finish in salt laden environment

Performance and resistance of paint used as exterior finish in salt laden environment

Controlled relative humidity in crawl spaces: a new treatment methodology

Crawl spaces in wood framed single family dwellings in Sweden: unwanted yet popular

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