The temperature stratification and related characteristics of Chilean lakes in midsummer

Geller, Walter

doi:10.1007/bf00877263

Cited by 53 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…2000). In this region there are also some deep oligotrophic, high Andean lakes (Geller 1992, Tartarottii et al 1999 (Campos 1984). However, in terms of their morphometric characteristics, the Chiloé lakes are shallower and much smaller than those of north Patagonia.…”

Section: Campos Et Al Unpublished Results Calculated After Larsen Andmentioning

confidence: 92%

A study of the river basins and limnology of five humic lakes on Chiloé Island

Villalobos

Parra²

2003

Rev. chil. hist. nat.

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From November 1996 to October 1997, the river basins of five humic lakes on Chiloé Island were studied monthly: Lakes Natri, Tepuhueico, Tarahuín, Huillinco and Cucao. The objective of this study was to know the catchment area, river basin and the main physical, chemical and biological characteristics of these humic lakes. The trophic status, the actual loading, and the mass balances of phosphorus and nitrogen were determined in relation to anthropogenic activities. Lakes Cucao and Huillinco were characterized by a marine influence. All the lakes had brown coloured waters, caused by humic substances, which limit their transparency. Lake Natri was the deepest (58 m), whereas Lake Tepuhueico had the shallowest depth (25 m). Total phosphorus and nitrogen fluctuated between 23.5 and 35 µg L -1 and 197 and 380 µg L -1 (annual average) in lakes Natri, Tepuhueico and Tarahuín, respectively. Lakes Cucao and Huillinco showed extremely high concentrations of total nitrogen (annual average => 3,000 µg L -1 ) and total phosphorus (= 223 and 497 µg L -1 ), and were classified as hyper-eutrophic. Lake Tarahuín registered the greatest diversity of phytoplankton, with 55 species, including Ceratium hirundinella which also occurred in lakes Cucao and Tarahuín. The diversity of the zooplankton community varied across these lakes. The presence of Diaptomus diabolicus (Tumeodiaptomus d. Dussart 1979) (Cucao, Huillinco and Tepuhueico) is noteworthy since this extends its geographical distribution to the south.Key words: river basin, limnological characterization, humic lakes, Chiloé, southern Chile. RESUMENDurante noviembre de 1996 y octubre de 1997 mensualmente se estudió la cuenca de cinco lagos húmicos localizados en la Isla de Chiloé: Lagos Natri, Tepuhueico, Tarahuín, Huillinco y Cucao. El estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer el área de la cuenca, la cuenca hidrográfica y las principales características físicas, químicas y biológicas de estos lagos húmicos. Se determinó el estado trófico, como también la carga actual y el balance másico de fósforo y nitrógeno total, en relación a actividades antrópicas. Los lagos Cucao y Huillinco se caracterizaron por presentar influencia marina. Todos los lagos tienen aguas de color marrón, causadas por las sustancias húmicas, que limitan la transparencia. El lago Natri es el más profundo (58 m), mientras que el Tepuhueico presentó la menor profundidad (25 m). Concentraciones de fósforo y nitrógeno total fluctuaron entre 23,5 y 35 µg L -1 y 197 y 380 µg L -1 en los lagos Natri, Tepuhueico y Tarahuín. Mientras que los lagos Cucao y Huillinco mostraron para el nitrógeno y fósforo concentraciones extremadamente altas, para el nitrógeno total (promedio anual > 3.000 µg L -1 ) y para el fósforo (223 y 496 µg L -1 ) clasificándolos como hipereutróficos. El lago Tarahuín registró la mayor diversidad fitoplanctónica con 55 especies. En los lagos Cucao y Tarahuín, destaca la presencia de Ceratium hirundinella. La comunidad zooplanctónica mostró diferencias en la diversidades de especies en los l...

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Section: Campos Et Al Unpublished Results Calculated After Larsen Andmentioning

confidence: 92%

A study of the river basins and limnology of five humic lakes on Chiloé Island

Villalobos

Parra²

2003

Rev. chil. hist. nat.

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“…Lake waters are acidic (pH around 6.3), dilute (average conductivity is 640 mS cm-1 , Geller, 1992) and of Cl-HCO 3 -Na type. The waters are turbid and well mixed (surface and bottom temperatures in March 2006…”

Section: Geological and Climatic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glacial to Holocene climate changes in the SE Pacific. The Raraku Lake sedimentary record (Easter Island, 27°S)

Sáez

Garcés

Giralt

et al. 2009

Quaternary Science Reviews

118

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Easter Island (SE Pacific, 27ºS) provides a unique opportunity to reconstruct past climate changes in the South Pacific region based on terrestrial archives. Climates in the mid-to lowlatitude region of the eastern South Pacific Ocean are controlled by fluctuations in the Westerlies winds, the South Pacific Convergence Zone and the South Pacific Anticyclone. Here we present a high-resolution reconstruction of lake dynamics, watershed processes and paleohydrology for the last 34000 years based on a sedimentological and geochemical multiproxy study of 8 cores from the Raraku Lake sediments constrained by 22 AMS radiocarbon dates. This multicore strategy has reconstructed the sedimentary architecture of the lake infilling and provided a stratigraphic framework to integrate and correlate previous core and vegetation studies conducted in the lake.High lake levels and clastic input dominated sedimentation in Raraku Lake between 34 to 28 cal kyr BP. Sedimentological and geochemical evidences support previously reported pollen datashowing a relatively open forest in the watershed during the Glacial period and a cold and relatively humid climate. Between 28 and 17.3 cal kyr BP, including the LGM period, colder conditions contributed to a reduction of the tree coverage in the island. The end of Glacial Period occurred at 17.3 cal kyr BP and was characterized by a sharp decrease in lake level conducive to the The main aim of the manuscript that we are submitting to Quaternary Science Reviews is to provide new insights about the environmental and climate evolution of Easter Island during the last 34000 cal years BP. We have achieved this aim through the high resolution study of new eight cores recovered in March 2006 at Lake Raraku and constrained by 22 AMS radiocarbon dates. This is the first time that a multicore strategy coupled with sedimentological, mineralogical and geochemical techniques are applied to Raraku Lake. As a result, we have been able to reconstruct the architecture of the lake sedimentary infilling and the limnological evolution of the lake. The reconstructed changes in terrigenous input, lake productivity, and lake level changes from Last Glacial to the present have been integrated with previous studies and the available pollen records to provide a paleoclimate reconstruction of the mid-to low-latitude southeastern Pacific region. The timing and characteristics of the main temperature and moisture changes in Easter Island show similarities with other terrestrial and marine records located in the south circum Pacific region. Moreover, our research provides new data on the impact in the lake ecosystem of human activities (deforestation and intensive cattle farming) during the last centuries.We suggest following reviewers because they are the main specialists in the topic of the manuscript: Mark

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“…Many of the empirical studies dealing with thermal structure of lakes consider mainly the influences of morphometric characteristics such as surface area, mean depth, and volume (Gorham 1964;Schindler 197 1;Geller 1992) degree of exposure or shelteredness of lakes (Hutchinson 1957), and fetch-the longest axis of a lake uninterrupted from wind (Shuter et al 1983;Patalas 1984;Hanna 1990). These studies, therefore, suggest that wind-induced transport of heat to deeper strata determines the depths of the epilimnion and thermocline and retention of heat by the water column (Hutchinson 1957;Wetzel 1975).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal structure of lakes varying in size and water clarity

Mazumder

Taylor

1994

Limnology & Oceanography

129

106

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The epilimnion depth of lakes is related both to lake size, which affects wind‐induced mixing, and to water clarity, which affects the depth over which solar radiation heats the water. Here we attempt to isolate the relative importance of these two variables by examining lakes that have changed in water clarity with time (between years), by examining nearby lakes of comparable size, and by partitioning a large number of lakes into subsets with a restricted range in size or Secchi depth. Overall, results indicate that both lake size and water clarity are important determinants of epilimnion depth, but the absolute effect (indicated by slope) of Secchi depth is approximately constant in small (<12.5 km2) as well as large lakes and the Laurentian Great Lakes, while its relative importance (indicated by r2) appears to be restricted to the small lakes.

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The temperature stratification and related characteristics of Chilean lakes in midsummer

Cited by 53 publications

References 15 publications

A study of the river basins and limnology of five humic lakes on Chiloé Island

A study of the river basins and limnology of five humic lakes on Chiloé Island

Glacial to Holocene climate changes in the SE Pacific. The Raraku Lake sedimentary record (Easter Island, 27°S)

Thermal structure of lakes varying in size and water clarity

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