“…Defects in HOPS or CORVET subunits in mammalian tissues result in strong deficiencies. For instance, loss of hVps39-1 (TLP), the homologous hVps39-2 (TRAP-1), hVps41 (hVam2) or hRab7 results in embryonic lethality as early as gastrulation Kawamura et al, 2012;Messler et al, 2011) and also causes extensive developmental defects in zebrafish (Schonthaler et al, 2008). Likewise, mutants in HOPS impair infection by Ebola virus (Carette et al, 2011) and export of HIV virions (Tomita et al, 2011), affect endosomal, phagosomal and lysosomal biogenesis (Caplan et al, 2001;Poupon et al, 2003;Pols et al, 2012;Sriram et al, 2003;Swetha et al, 2011;Kinchen et al, 2008) and, subsequently, development (Wilkin et al, 2008).…”