The thermodynamic water retention capacity of solutions and gels

Borchard, W.; Jabłoński, Piotr

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00277-4

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The reason for this discrepancy is probably due to the differences in the macromolecular design of the different gels [22]. It has been shown that the concentration of cross linkers in the gel determines the swelling of the gels [23]. The water absorbency of SAPs also depends on the degree of neutralization of monomer acid, the amount of initiator and the volume of polymerization mixture [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hydrogel Amendment to Different Soils on Plant Available Water and Survival of Trees under Drought Conditions

Agaba¹,

Orikiriza

Esegu

et al. 2010

CLEAN Soil Air Water

123

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Dedicated to Aloys Hüttermann, to his honor and memoryThe effect of super absorbent polyacrylate (SAP) hydrogel amendment to different soil types on plant available water (PAW), evapotranspiration and survival of Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus citriodora, Pinus caribaea, Araucaria cunninghamii, Melia volkensii, Grevillea robusta, Azadirachta indica, Maesopsis eminii and Terminalia superba was investigated. The seedlings were potted in 3 kg size polythene bags filled with sand, loam, silt loam, sandy loam and clay soils, amended at 0 (control), 0.2 and 0.4% w/w hydrogel. The tree seedlings were allowed to grow normally with routine uniform watering in a glass house set up for a period of eight weeks, after which they were subjected to drought conditions by not watering any further. The 0.4% hydrogel amendment significantly (p a 0.05) increased the PAW by a factor of about three in sand, two fold in silt loam and one fold in sandy loam, loam and clay soils compared to the control. Similarly, the addition of either 0.2 or 0.4% hydrogel to the five soil types resulted in prolonged tree survival compared to the controls. Araucaria cunninghammi survived longest at 153 days, while Maesopsis eminii survived least (95 days) in sand amended at 0.4% after subjection to desiccation. Evapotranspiration was reduced in eight of the nine tree species grown in sandy loam, loam, silt loam and clay soils amended at 0.4% hydrogel. It is probable that soil amendment with SAP decreased the hydraulic soil conductivity that might reduce plant transpiration and soil evaporation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hydrogel Amendment to Different Soils on Plant Available Water and Survival of Trees under Drought Conditions

Agaba¹,

Orikiriza

Esegu

et al. 2010

CLEAN Soil Air Water

123

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“…This definition includes others known from the literature for testing heterogeneous systems. The dependence of WRC on concentration of a solute is predicted to be described by an efunction [44]. The diffusion of water within the hydrogel was found to have non Fickian character [28].…”

Section: Saps As Water Absorbing Materialsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Application of Superabsorbent Polymers for Improving the Ecological Chemistry of Degraded or Polluted Lands

Hüttermann¹,

Orikiriza

Agaba

2009

CLEAN Soil Air Water

200

122

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About 3.5 billion ha of land, which amounts to almost 30% of the total solid land of the world, has been degraded by human activities. The ecological restoration of these lands is a major challenge for mankind since they are the only option left for increasing the amount of arable land and producing food for the ever growing worldwide population. One common feature of these degraded lands is the fact that their organic soil matter is degraded also. Rainfall therefore, changes from a blessing to a menace since it is not kept in the soil and therefore causes erosion. A solution for the restoration of these lands could be the application of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) to these soils. These substances are like ‘artificial humus’ as they are hydrophilic and contain carboxylic groups. This enables them to bind cations and water. They have the following advantages for the restoration of degraded lands. They increase the plant available water in the soil which enables the plants to survive longer under water stress. SAP amendment to soils reduces the evapotranspiration rate of the plants. They induce a significantly higher growth rate in plants growing on SAP amended soil. They bind heavy metals and mitigate their action on plants. They mitigate the effects of salinity. The benefits of SAP amendment to soils substantially outweigh their costs.

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“…Interactions between aqueous solutions and SAPs cause hydration, [35] hydrogen bonds, [35] swelling in ionic polymers, [28,33,36,37] and osmosis and osmotic pressure. [38,39] These phenomena can be modified by controlling the neutralization of polymeric chains and the amount of cross-linking in the SAP. More importantly, such modifications facilitate the design of SAPs that possess practical swelling capacities and degrees of stiffness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a novel, eco‐friendly, cellulose‐based superabsorbent polymer (Cellulo‐SAP): Absorbency, stability, reusability, and biodegradability

et al. 2022

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Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) have attracted tremendous attention recently, with researchers noting that their high water absorbability is valuable for various applications, especially in agricultural contexts. Two types of materials can be used to produce SAPs: Fossil-based (which are harmful to the environment) and bio-based (which are significantly more environmentally friendly, given their biodegradability and minimal toxic side effects). Although bio-based SAPs are preferable for environmental reasons, their synthesis tends to be time consuming and labour intensive, while their absorption capacity (AC) can be far below expectations. To address these problems, a novel, eco-friendly, cellulose-based superabsorbent polymer (Cellulo-SAP) was developed in this study through facile preparation via free radical synthesis using modified cellulose. Then, the absorbency, thermal/pH stability, reusability, and biodegradability of Cellulo-SAP were evaluated. This new polymer demonstrated reusability as a water reservoir, in addition to high thermal and pH stability.More importantly, Cellulo-SAP achieved an AC of 475 g/g and exhibited superior biodegradability compared to a commercial, fossil-based SAP. Accordingly, these results prove that Cellulo-SAP can be used in agriculture as an effective alternative to fossil-based SAPs.

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The thermodynamic water retention capacity of solutions and gels

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of Hydrogel Amendment to Different Soils on Plant Available Water and Survival of Trees under Drought Conditions

Effects of Hydrogel Amendment to Different Soils on Plant Available Water and Survival of Trees under Drought Conditions

Application of Superabsorbent Polymers for Improving the Ecological Chemistry of Degraded or Polluted Lands

Performance of a novel, eco‐friendly, cellulose‐based superabsorbent polymer (Cellulo‐SAP): Absorbency, stability, reusability, and biodegradability

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