The Transverse Field Detector: a CMOS active pixel sensor capable of on-line tuning of the spectral response

Langfelder, Giacomo; Longoni, A.; Zaraga, F.

doi:10.1109/icsens.2009.5398512

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Indeed, the authors of the TFD have already suggested the possibility of its usage to obtain a 4-color response [112], which is a reasonable and feasible implementation. However, further increasing the number of discerned colors would become gradually more difficult in terms of both device complexity (larger number of surface contacts of reduced size) and increased surface potentials that would have to be controlled with much higher accuracy in order to control the spectral selectivity of each color contact.…”

Section: Three-and Multi-junction Color Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color Sensors and Their Applications

Puiu

2012

Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors

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This chapter intends to provide an introduction to and a very brief summary of the principal categories of color sensors and of their applications, both relatively little known to the general public.First, an introduction describes the background of the topic(s) and the overall context. The main differences between two major but complementary techniques, colorimetry and spectrometry, will be presented here, as well as a quick summary of the scientific, technical, and industrial applications of color sensing. The second section will summarize the basic operational principles and architectures of color sensors realized in silicon. Although stand-alone detectors will also be described and discussed, the main focus will be on solid-state microsensors which can ideally be monolithically integrated together with signal processing circuits onto the same chip as "smart sensors" or intelligent microsystems. First, sensors realized only in monocrystalline silicon are summarized, followed then by those fabricated in other materials, with amorphous silicon and its alloys as the key players in this latter category.Finally, the chapter ends with the sections devoted to Conclusions and References. This chapter presents only a few of the most relevant aspects related to color sensors and examples of their practical applications. It is, in fact, an extensively abbreviated version of a much more detailed and exhaustive review dedicated to both color sensing and microspectrometry, and which is presently in preparation for future submission to Springer Verlag.

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Section: Three-and Multi-junction Color Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color Sensors and Their Applications

Puiu

2012

Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors

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“…The transverse field detector (TFD) [ 29 ] is such a photosensitive device that exhibits different spectral responsivities at different depths by applying suitably biased voltage. Figure 6 shows this principle.…”

Section: State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multispectral Filter Arrays: Recent Advances and Practical Implementation

Lapray

Wang

Thomas

et al. 2014

Sensors

227

159

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Thanks to some technical progress in interferencefilter design based on different technologies, we can finally successfully implement the concept of multispectral filter array-based sensors. This article provides the relevant state-of-the-art for multispectral imaging systems and presents the characteristics of the elements of our multispectral sensor as a case study. The spectral characteristics are based on two different spatial arrangements that distribute eight different bandpass filters in the visible and near-infrared area of the spectrum. We demonstrate that the system is viable and evaluate its performance through sensor spectral simulation.

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“…Another device with a similar operation principal is the Transverse Field Detector (TFD) [11]. In a TFD pixel photogenerated charge carriers from different depths are swept to different collection sites by electric fields generated by surface electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Multispectral Imaging Using the Vertical Overflow Drain Structure

et al. 2015

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Multispectral imaging enables discrimination of spectra beyond the 3-D spectral space of human vision. Most multispectral systems are complex and bulky, and simpler monolithic designs usually require several pixels in order to generate one multispectral data point. Here, we use the vertical overflow drain (VOD) structure to enable monolithic multispectral imaging in a single pixel. We show that by controlling the substrate bias voltage it is possible to change the effective depth of the photodiode, thus enabling dynamic tuning of the pixel's spectral response. A small voltage change (<5 V) is shown experimentally to reduce the red light quantum efficiency by ∼40%, while the blue light quantum efficiency is reduced by <10%. Using this effect, we demonstrate an ability to discriminate between different monochromatic illumination sources with 20-nm spectral resolution in a single pixel. In addition, we present an RGB image taken using an off-theshelf charge coupled devices with no color filters by relying solely on the VOD mechanism. Finally, we present process and device simulations suggesting that this mechanism can be implemented in any pinned photodiode pixel with a VOD barrier, including in CMOS image sensors fabricated on n-type starting material.Index Terms-CMOS image sensors, CCD image sensors, multispectral imaging, digital photography.

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The Transverse Field Detector: a CMOS active pixel sensor capable of on-line tuning of the spectral response

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Color Sensors and Their Applications

Color Sensors and Their Applications

Multispectral Filter Arrays: Recent Advances and Practical Implementation

Dynamic Multispectral Imaging Using the Vertical Overflow Drain Structure

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