“…Prior to the Napoleonic wars, until the battle was finished wounded soldiers were generally left where they fell. The modern weekly teleconferences linking prehospital and hospital personnel in Afghanistan with staging and definitive care hospitals in the United States and United Kingdom, in which individual patients are discussed [11,12], are excellent templates for civilian trauma systems. The Crimean and American Civil Wars saw the introduction of professional nursing, turning nurses from doctors' assistants into independent clinicians and patient advocates.…”