The tree cooling pond effect and its influential factors: A pilot study in Gold Coast, Australia

Zhang, Jian; Gou, Zhonghua; Zhang, Fan; Yu, Rongrong

doi:10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100058

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This study highlights the importance of vegetation parameters in urban areas, mainly focusing on physical types such as tree height and leaf area index (LAI) and considering spatial and biological parameters as secondary. Physical characteristics are essential for measuring the advantages of green infrastructure; Zhang et al [69] identified a polynomial correlation between Mean Radiant Temperature and tree physical characteristics through linear regression. Huang and Li [56], Krayenhoff et al [70], Santamouris et al [13], and Zhang et al [67] have identified that vegetation's effectiveness in mitigating the temperature is related to LAI and tree height; this could explain the analysis of these parameters.…”

Section: Block-scale Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Block to City Scale: Greenery’s Contribution to Cooling the Urban Environment

Licón-Portillo,

Martínez-Torres,

Chung-Alonso

et al. 2024

Urban Science

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Urban greenery is a strategy to improve the thermal environment in urban areas affected by heat islands and global warming. These phenomena can harm the citizens’ quality of life. Researchers have investigated the thermal benefits of urban vegetation, but only a few have explored its complexities across diverse urban scales. Understanding these variations is critical for precise analysis, customized solutions, efficient resource allocation, and enhancing urban living quality while promoting sustainability and climate resilience. This paper reviews 250 scientific articles about the relationship between greenspace and the urban thermal environment published between 2010 and 2023 through urban scales. It summarizes the parameters and findings of greenery’s contribution to cooling the urban environment. The data reveal that most studies concentrated on the block scale, public open spaces, neighborhoods, parks, grouped vegetation, mixed arrangements, high vegetation, spatial parameters, and the use of air temperature data to report their findings. The cooling-effect evidence shows that the block scale has an average mitigation range of 0.7–2.7 °C, the neighborhood scale of 1.1–2.9 °C, and the city scale of 0.5–2.2 °C. Furthermore, it is critical to define reliable research methods and perform thorough software validation to assess model performance and establish guidelines for urban-landscape design accurately.

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Section: Block-scale Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Block to City Scale: Greenery’s Contribution to Cooling the Urban Environment

Licón-Portillo,

Martínez-Torres,

Chung-Alonso

et al. 2024

Urban Science

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“…The urban park site in Hannover can, thus, be regarded as a local cooling island under heat particularly during the night. This cooling effect is local, however, and has a limited effect on the wider residential area 38 and has also been referred to as the "tree cooling pond effect" 40 . Referring to the median radiant temperatures, Zhang et al (2023) showed that the cooling effect of individual trees was mostly identified for the crown-canopied spaces with very limited effects when distance from the trunk increased in more sunny places 40 .…”

Section: Lh (Rural) Wd (Urban) Mb (Urban) He (Urban) Kp (Urban Park)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combination of both, tree covered and open areas, for structurally diverse urban green spaces has been introduced as the "savannah approach" 38,41 . When developing and maintaining urban green spaces, also the wise selection of climate (heat and drought) adapted tree species with larger canopies could help to mitigate the UHI 40 . As space in growing cities is contested, novel concepts such as pocket parks, smaller parks in street corners, brownfield redevelopments or additional green infrastructure elements such as green roofs and facades could complement a wide and divers urban green space network 38,42 .…”

Section: Lh (Rural) Wd (Urban) Mb (Urban) He (Urban) Kp (Urban Park)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The urban heat island under extreme heat conditions: a case study of Hannover, Germany

Kabisch,

Remahne,

Ilsemann

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Global warming has resulted in higher frequencies of climate extremes, such as drought periods or heat waves. Heat waves are intensified in urban areas due to the urban heat island effect. Studies are inconclusive as to whether the urban heat island effect is intensified during heat waves. Using the city of Hannover, Germany, as a case study, we analysed the intensity of the urban heat island under unprecedented summer heat conditions in the years 2018, 2019 and 2020, which were among the hottest in Germany since weather records began. We compared the intensity of the urban heat island across these years with the non-heat year of 2017. Differences were analysed for various inner-city urban locations and an urban park, while accounting for their distinct land use and land cover characteristics. We identified the urban heat island effect across all years investigated in the study and also found a significant intensified urban heat island effect during the years of unprecedented heat, when night-time temperature minima are considered. The urban heat island was identified on a lower level, however, with maximum daily temperatures when compared to the non-heat year. The lowest intensity of the urban heat island was found for the urban park site, highlighting the need for more city-wide greening strategies, including tree-covered and open green spaces, to provide all residents with the cooling services of green spaces.

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Optimizing an efficient urban tree strategy to improve microclimate conditions while considering water scarcity: a case study of Cairo

Abdelmejeed,

Gruehn

2024

Discov Sustain

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This study aims to develop an efficient urban tree strategy (UTS) to enhance the microclimate conditions of cities that suffer from heat stress and strong solar radiation, such as the metropolitan area of Greater Cairo. Cairo recently lost its limited greenery to enhance traffic. The proposed UTS aims to achieve a balance between enhancing microclimate conditions and considering the city’s water scarcity. It seeks to consider all strategic factors suitable for local conditions, including the selection of tree species (Step 1), the utilization of new technologies for irrigation (Step 2), and the optimization of the usage of an efficient number of trees (Step 3). When applying the strategy’s recommendations to a study area within Cairo’s downtown center and when testing different tree coverage percentages within urban canyons of various aspect ratios and orientations using ENVI-met, the microclimate conditions are significantly enhanced in certain streets during summertime compared to wintertime. Applying the UTS not only enhances thermal comfort but also helps to create a better comfort zone during certain hours. In one street, for example, there are average physiological equivalent temperature (PET) reductions of − 5.18° and − 6.36° at 16:00 and 17:00, respectively, which also changes the thermal comfort zone from extreme heat stress to very heat stress. The results show a strong positive correlation between thermal comfort enhancement and a reduction in the total mean radiant temperature (TMRT), verifying that shading plays a primary role in enhancing the microclimate conditions of urban canyons. Applying the UTS to the study area significantly enhances the microclimate conditions. Furthermore, through the implementation of irrigation technologies that are part of the UTS, water demand is reduced to only 15% when trees with larger canopies are used. Additionally, when the tree coverage percentage reaches 35 to 50% in some streets, it results in a significant enhancement in the PET.

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The tree cooling pond effect and its influential factors: A pilot study in Gold Coast, Australia

Cited by 10 publications

References 51 publications

From Block to City Scale: Greenery’s Contribution to Cooling the Urban Environment

From Block to City Scale: Greenery’s Contribution to Cooling the Urban Environment

The urban heat island under extreme heat conditions: a case study of Hannover, Germany

Optimizing an efficient urban tree strategy to improve microclimate conditions while considering water scarcity: a case study of Cairo

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