The trenbolone acetate affects the immune system in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Massart, Sophie; Redivo, Baptiste; Flamion, Enora; Mandiki, Syaghalirwa N.M.; Falisse, Elodie; Milla, Sylvain; Kestemont, Patrick

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.04.007

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Also, androgenic EDCs are immunologically active, as reviewed by Milla et al (2011), with the main effects being alterations in immune cell proliferation and function, especially of macrophage activity and of genes coding for soluble mediators, complement factors or acute phase proteins. For instance, trenbolone induced alterations mainly of the humoral system and it decreased transcript levels of rag-1 and rag-2, which are involved in the development and differentiation of lymphoid cells (Massart et al 2015).…”

Section: Hormones/endocrine Disrupting Compounds (Edcs; 27%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

20 Years of fish immunotoxicology – what we know and where we are

Rehberger

Werner

Hitzfeld

et al. 2017

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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Despite frequent field observations of impaired immune response and increased disease incidence in contaminant-exposed wildlife populations, immunotoxic effects are rarely considered in ecotoxicological risk assessment. The aim of this study was to review the literature on immunotoxic effects of chemicals in fish to quantitatively evaluate (i) which experimental approaches were used to assess immunotoxic effects, (ii) whether immune markers exist to screen for potential immunotoxic activities of chemicals, and (iii) how predictive those parameters are for adverse alterations of fish immunocompetence and disease resistance. A total of 241 publications on fish immunotoxicity were quantitatively analyzed. The main conclusions included: (i) To date, fish immunotoxicology focused mainly on innate immune responses and immunosuppressive effects. (ii) In numerous studies, the experimental conditions are poorly documented, as for instance age or sex of the fish or the rationale for the selected exposure conditions is often missing. (iii) Although a broad variety of parameters were used to assess immunotoxicity, the rationale for the choice of measured parameters was often not given, remaining unclear how they link to the suspected immunotoxic mode of action of the chemicals. (iv) At the current state of knowledge, it is impossible to identify a set of immune parameters that could reliably screen for immunotoxic potentials of chemicals. (v) Similarly, in fish immunotoxicology there is insufficient understanding of how and when chemical-induced modulations of molecular/cellular immune changes relate to adverse alterations of fish immunocompetence, although this would be crucial to include immunotoxicity in ecotoxicological risk assessment.

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Section: Hormones/endocrine Disrupting Compounds (Edcs; 27%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

20 Years of fish immunotoxicology – what we know and where we are

Rehberger

Werner

Hitzfeld

et al. 2017

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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“…Second, Fulton’s condition factor K [41] was measured as follows:K=100×wL³ where w is weight and L is standard length (cm), i.e., from head to the base of the tail. Third, blood plasma lysozyme activity, an innate immunity marker [42] was obtained by calculating the rate of change in absorbance at 600 nm (A 600 ) of a Micrococcus lysodeikticus solution (0.6 mg mL −1 of Na 2 HPO 4 0.05 M pH 6.2; Sigma–Aldrich Canada Co., Oakville, ON, Canada) supplemented with 6.6% v / v blood serum. This experiment was performed on a microtiter plate, and absorbance measurements were read on an Infinite 200 PRO plate reader (TECAN GmbH, Männedorf, Switzerland).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulated Growth and Innate Immunity in Brook Charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) Treated with a General Probiotic (Bactocell®) and Two Endogenous Probiotics That Inhibit Aeromonas salmonicida In Vitro

et al. 2019

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Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a Gram-negative bacterium causing furunculosis, an opportunistic infection of farmed salmonid fish. Current treatment methods against furunculosis rely heavily on antibiotherapy. However, strains of this opportunistic fish pathogen were found to possess genes that confer resistance to major antibiotics including those used to cure furunculosis. Therefore, dispensing bacterial symbionts as probiotics to susceptible hosts appears to be a promising alternative. Here, we present the genomic characterization and in vivo safety assessment of two brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) bacterial symbionts that inhibited A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida growth in vitro (Pseudomonas fluorescens ML11A and Aeromonas sobria TM18) as well as a commercialized probiotic, Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5M (Bactocell®). The genomic sequences of ML11A and TM18 obtained by whole-genome shotgun sequencing lack key virulence factor genes found in related pathogenic strains. Their genomic sequences are also devoid of genes involved in the inactivation (or target modification of) several key antimicrobial compounds used in salmonid aquaculture. Finally, when administered daily to live brook charr fingerlings, ML11A, TM18 and Bactocell® helped improve several physiological condition metrics such as mean body weight, Fulton’s condition factor and blood plasma lysozyme activity (an indicator for innate immune activity).

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“…However, the link between androgen signaling and SARS-CoV-2 infectivity has been established and is believed to explain, at least in part, why men tend to have more severe forms of COVID-19 compared to women [ 16 ]. Although the determination of serum testosterone concentration was not performed in the case of our patient, its values were certainly above the physiological limit at the time of SARS-CoV-2 infection, negatively influencing the patient’s immune system [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Form of COVID-19 in a Young Male Bodybuilder Anabolic Steroid Using: The First Autopsied Case

et al. 2022

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We report the case of a 34-year-old male patient, a bodybuilding trainer and user of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) for 16 years. He was found in cardio-respiratory arrest in his home. By performing a medico-legal autopsy, a severe form of COVID-19, aortic atherosclerotic plaques, and an old myocardial infarction was found. The SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test on necroptic lung fragments was positive, with a B.1.258 genetic line. The histopathological examinations showed microthrombi with endothelitis in the cerebral tissue, massive pulmonary edema, diffuse alveolar damage grade 1, pulmonary thromboembolism, hepatic peliosis, and severe nesidioblastosis. The immunohistochemical examinations showed SARS-CoV-2 positive in the myocardium, lung, kidneys, and pancreas. ACE-2 receptor was positive in the same organs, but also in the spleen and liver. HLA alleles A*03, A*25, B*18, B*35, C*04, C*12, DRB1*04, DRB1*15, DQB1*03, DQB1*06 were also identified. In conclusion, death was due to a genetic predisposition, a long-term abuse of AASs that favored the development of a pluriorganic pathological tissue terrain, and recent consumption of AASs, which influenced the immune system at the time of infection.

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The trenbolone acetate affects the immune system in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Cited by 18 publications

References 64 publications

20 Years of fish immunotoxicology – what we know and where we are

20 Years of fish immunotoxicology – what we know and where we are

Stimulated Growth and Innate Immunity in Brook Charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) Treated with a General Probiotic (Bactocell®) and Two Endogenous Probiotics That Inhibit Aeromonas salmonicida In Vitro

Fatal Form of COVID-19 in a Young Male Bodybuilder Anabolic Steroid Using: The First Autopsied Case

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