The Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment

May, Peter T.; Mather, J. H.; Vaughan, G.; Jakob, Christian; McFarquhar, Greg M.; Bower, Keith; Mace, Gerald G.

doi:10.1175/bams-89-5-629

Cited by 191 publications

(262 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…The observations show that four meteorological regimes were observed during TWP-ICE. As discussed by May et al (2008) TWP-ICE was initially characterized by an active monsoon period from 19 January to 25 January 2006, with deep convective clouds observed on all days. This period was followed by a suppressed monsoon phase until 2 February, characterized by relatively shallow convection with convective cloud tops <8 km and extensive cirrus.…”

Section: Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…As the processes forming sea breezes and the resulting convection are not included in SCMs, the models cannot be expected to simulate the associated cloud fields realistically. If they do so, this will most likely be an artefact of the forcing dataset, which through the use of precipitation as a constraint will produce mean upward motion at large scales at the time of rainfall, when it is clear from the observations that this motion was strongly focused in coastal and island sea breezes (see May et al, 2008). For the reasons above we refrain from an in-depth discussion of the results for this period.…”

Section: Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that results towards the end of the simulation must be treated with caution, as convection during the break period is primarily initiated on circulations driven by local topography (e.g. sea breezes; May et al, 2008). Three-dimensional advective tendencies are specified as forcing from the variational objective analysis and the model horizontal wind fields are relaxed back to those observed using a 3 h relaxation time-scale.…”

Section: The Twp-ice Forcing and Validation Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On 24-25 January when a mesoscale convective system was present in the experiment domain, both models produce similar cloud fractions that are much larger than those observed by the radar and lidar above 10 km. Given that the cloud radar had degraded sensitivity during TWP-ICE due to an earlier lightning strike (May et al, 2008), satellite retrievals of cloud-top temperature from MT-SAT have been analysed for a 300 km horizontal domain centred on the radar site. For the first half of 24 January clouds with cloud-top temperatures between −70 and −90 • C covered 40-63% of the domain, which is about 10% larger than the radar-lidar retrievals for clouds at 14-15 km that have three-hourly averaged cloud cover between 27 and 55%.…”

Section: Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Tropical Warm Pool-International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE) was a major field campaign held in the Darwin area in northern Australia in January and February 2006 (May et al, 2008). One of the main aims of the experiment was to provide boundary conditions and validation data for modelling studies to help facilitate model development with a focus on tropical convection and clouds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the performance of a prognostic and a diagnostic cloud scheme using single column model simulations of TWP–ICE

Franklin

Jakob

Protat

et al. 2011

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Single column model simulations using the UK Met Office Unified Model, as used in the Australian Community Climate Earth System Simulator, are presented for the Tropical Warm Pool-International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE) field study. Two formulations for the representation of clouds are compared with the extensive observations taken during the campaign, giving insight into the ability of the model to simulate tropical cloud systems. During the active monsoon phase the modelled cloud cover has a stronger dependence on relative humidity than the observations. Observed ice cloud properties during the suppressed monsoon period show that the ice water content is significantly underestimated in the simulations. The profiles of modelled ice fall speeds are faster than those observed in the levels above 12 km, implying that the observations have smaller sized particles in larger concentrations than the models. Both simulations show similar errors in the diurnal cycle of relative humidity during the active monsoon phase, suggesting that the error is less sensitive to the choice of cloud scheme and rather is driven by the convection scheme. However, during the times of suppressed convection the relative humidity error is different between the simulations, with congestus convection drying the environment too much, particularly in the prognostic cloud-scheme simulation. This result shows that the choice of cloud scheme and the way that the cloud and convection schemes interact plays a role in the temperature and moisture errors during the suppressed monsoon phase, which will impact the three-dimensional model simulations of tropical variability.

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Section: Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Twp-ice Forcing and Validation Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Assessing the performance of a prognostic and a diagnostic cloud scheme using single column model simulations of TWP–ICE

Franklin

Jakob

Protat

et al. 2011

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

Self Cite

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Ground‐based observations of overshooting convection during the Tropical Warm Pool‐International Cloud Experiment

2014

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This study uses gridded radar data to investigate the properties of deep convective storms that penetrate the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and overshoot the cold-point tropopause during the Tropical Warm Pool-International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE). Overshooting convection during the observed break period is relatively more intense and exhibits lesser diurnal variability than severe monsoonal storms in terms of mean overshooting area in the TTL (as covered by >20 dBZ echoes). However, ground-based radar has geometrical constraints and sampling gaps at high altitude that lead to biases in the final radar product. Using synthetic observations derived from model-based data, ground-based radar is shown to underestimate the mean overshooting area in the TTL across both TWP-ICE regimes. Differences range from ∼180 km 2 (∼100 km 2 ) to ∼14 km 2 (∼8 km 2 ) between 14 and 18 km for the active (break) period. This implies that the radar is underestimating the transport of water and ice mass into the TTL by convective overshoots during TWP-ICE. The synthetic data is also used to correct profiles of the mean observed overshooting area. These are shown to differ only marginally between the two sampled regimes once the influence of a large mesoscale convective system, considered as a departure from normal monsoon behavior, was removed from the statistics. The results of our study provide a useful cross-validation comparison for satellite-based detections of overshooting top areas over Darwin, Australia.

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Gravity waves generated by convection during TWP‐ICE: I. Inertia‐gravity waves

2014

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Gravity waves are analyzed in radiosonde soundings taken during the Tropical Warm Pool-International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE) campaign. The properties of the inertia-gravity waves are analyzed in Part I, whereas Part II focuses on high-frequency gravity waves. Two groups of inertia-gravity waves are detected: group L (Long vertical wavelength) in the middle stratosphere during the suppressed monsoon period and group S (Short vertical wavelength) in the lower stratosphere during the monsoon break period. Waves belonging to group L propagate to the southeast with a mean intrinsic period of 35 h and have vertical and horizontal wavelengths of about 5-6 km and 3000-6000 km, respectively. Ray-tracing calculations indicate that these waves originate from a deep convective region near Indonesia. Waves belonging to group S propagate to the south-southeast with an intrinsic period, vertical wavelength, and horizontal wavelength of about 45 h, 2 km, and 2000-4000 km, respectively. These waves appear to originate from convection in the vicinity of New Guinea.

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The Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment

Cited by 191 publications

References 48 publications

Assessing the performance of a prognostic and a diagnostic cloud scheme using single column model simulations of TWP–ICE

Assessing the performance of a prognostic and a diagnostic cloud scheme using single column model simulations of TWP–ICE

Ground‐based observations of overshooting convection during the Tropical Warm Pool‐International Cloud Experiment

Gravity waves generated by convection during TWP‐ICE: I. Inertia‐gravity waves

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