The Tupian expansion

Eriksen, Love; Galúcio, Ana Vilacy

doi:10.1017/cbo9781107360105.010

Cited by 11 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Despite the paucity of archaeological data in SW Amazonia (Macario et al, 2009), this region is considered to be the centre of origin of the Tupían stock, based upon linguistic (Miller, 2009; Rodrigues and Cabral, 2012; Walker et al, 2012), cranial morphological (Hubbe et al, 2014; Neves et al, 2011) and genetic data (Marrero et al, 2007; Santos et al, 2015). Five of the 10 families of the Tupían stock are restricted to the modern state of Rondônia, Brazil (Eriksen and Galucio, 2014). It has long been recognised that such depth of ethnolinguistic diversity points to SW Amazonia as the homeland of the Tupían stock (Eriksen and Galucio, 2014; Rodrigues and Cabral, 2012; Walker et al, 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to the Arawak expansion (Heckenberger, 2002), the Tupi-Guarani is one of the largest expansion of an ancient people in lowland South America spreading across 4000 km and stretching from southwestern (SW) Amazonia to the subtropical Atlantic coast of southeast (SE) South America (Figure 1). The cause of this mass human expansion remains a debated topic in New World archaeology, bioarchaeology, genetics and linguistics (Brochado, 1989;Eriksen and Galucio, 2014;Heckenberger et al, 1998;Marrero et al, 2007;Miller, 2009;Neves, 2011;Neves et al, 2011;Noelli, 1998;Rodrigues and Cabral, 2012;Walker et al, 2012). Similar to other cases of language spread with farmers' demic diffusion (Diamond and Bellwood, 2003), the explanation for the Tupi-Guarani dispersal out of Amazonia has been demographic growth propelled by agriculture, coupled with a Out of Amazonia: Late-Holocene climate change and the Tupi-Guarani trans-continental expansion strong territoriality, long-range political networks, and an expansionist warlike ideology (Brochado, 1989;Noelli, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Out of Amazonia: Late-Holocene climate change and the Tupi–Guarani trans-continental expansion

et al. 2016

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The late-Holocene expansion of the Tupi-Guarani languages from southern Amazonia to SE South America constitutes one of the largest expansions of any linguistic family in the world, spanning ~4000 km between latitudes 0°S and 35°S at about 2.5k cal. yr BP. However, the underlying reasons for this expansion are a matter of debate. Here, we compare continental-scale palaeoecological, palaeoclimate and archaeological datasets, to examine the role of climate change in facilitating the expansion of this forest-farming culture. Because this expansion lies within the path of the South American Low-Level Jet, the key mechanism for moisture transport across lowland South America, we were able to explore the relationship between climate change, forest expansion and the Tupi-Guarani. Our data synthesis shows broad synchrony between late-Holocene increasing precipitation and southerly expansion of both tropical forest and Guarani archaeological sites -the southernmost branch of the Tupi-Guarani. We conclude that climate change likely facilitated the agricultural expansion of the Guarani forest-farming culture by increasing the area of forested landscape that they could exploit, showing a prime example of ecological opportunism.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Out of Amazonia: Late-Holocene climate change and the Tupi–Guarani trans-continental expansion

et al. 2016

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“…(Dickau et al, 2012) and spoke numerous languages (Eriksen, 2011). The upper Madeira is the homeland of Tupi (Eriksen and Galucio, 2014) and is adjacent to the probable origin of Arawak in the upper Purus River (Walker and Ribeiro, 2011;Eriksen and Danielsen, 2014), the two most expansive language families of South America. The archaeobotany of the region is just starting to be explored with modern methods (Dickau et al, 2012;Whitney et al, 2014;Watling et al, 2015), although the species we will examine are seldom reported to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop domestication in the upper Madeira River basin

Clement

Rodrigues

Alves‐Pereira

et al. 2016

Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi. Ciênc. hum.

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Most native Amazonian crops were domesticated in the periphery of the basin. The upper Madeira River basin is an important part of this periphery where several important crops were domesticated and others are suspected to have been domesticated or arrived early. Some of these crops have been reasonably well studied, such as manioc, peanut, peach palm, coca and tobacco, while others are not as well known, such as the hot peppers Capsicum baccatum and C. frutescens, and still others need confirmation, such as cocoyam and annatto. We review the information available for manioc, peach palm, Capsicum, peanut, annatto and cocoyam. The state-of-the-art for Capsicum frutescens, annatto and cocoyam is insufficient to conclude definitively that they were domesticated in the upper Madeira, while all the others have at least one of their origins or centers of diversity in the upper Madeira. Keywords: Amazonian crops. Center of domestication. Crop domestication. Southwestern AmazoniaResumo: A maioria dos cultivos nativos da Amazônia foi domesticada na periferia da bacia. A bacia do alto rio Madeira é uma parte importante dessa periferia, onde se suspeita que vários cultivos importantes foram domesticados, alguns são confirmados e outros possivelmente chegaram há muito tempo na região. Alguns destes cultivos foram razoavelmente bem estudados, tais como mandioca, amendoim, pupunha, coca e tabaco, enquanto outros não são tão bem conhecidos, como as pimentas Capsicum baccatum e C. frutescens, e ainda outros precisam de confirmação, como taioba e urucum. Revisamos as informações disponíveis para a mandioca, pupunha, Capsicum, amendoim, urucum e taioba. O estado da arte de Capsicum frutescens, urucum e taioba é insuficiente para concluir definitivamente que eles foram domesticados no alto rio Madeira, enquanto todos os outros têm pelo menos uma das suas origens ou centros de diversidade na região.

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“…Tuparí belongs to the Tuparían branch of the Tupían language family, which is among the most internally diverse and geographically dispersed families in all of South America (Rodrigues & Cabral 2012;Eriksen & Galucio 2014;van der Voort 2015). At the beginning of the European invasion, Tupían languages were spoken all along the Amazon River proper, on the Atlantic coast, and in much inland territory as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On finite embedded clauses in Tuparí: their synchrony, diachrony, and typology

Singerman

2021

Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics

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Tuparí, an indigenous Brazilian language of the Tupían family, has innovated a highly productive finite embedded clause construction that retains the morphosyntactic hallmarks of matrix clauses -without any neutralization in tense or evidentiality. I offer a synchronic analysis of these finite embedded clauses and propose a specific grammaticalization pathway that can account for their diachronic emergence: the clausal nominalizer hè developed out of a homophonous third person pronoun, allowing for paratactic constructions to be reanalyzed as involving true subordination. Both functions of hè (as a pronoun and as a clausal nominalizer) remain in use today, giving rise to occasional ambiguity. An additional aim of this paper is to evaluate the Tuparí facts in light of the literature on the Final-over-Final Condition (FOFC), a proposed syntactic universal. I will show that the language's embedded clauses are unexpected on the most restrictive formulation of FOFC (Holmberg 2000) but can be accommodated without issue once FOFC is restricted to apply within Extended Projections. Situating Tuparí in the broader FOFC typology allows for a more finegrained understanding of the distribution of the categorial features [+nominal] and [+verbal] in the language's syntax.

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The Tupian expansion

Cited by 11 publications

References 299 publications

Out of Amazonia: Late-Holocene climate change and the Tupi–Guarani trans-continental expansion

Out of Amazonia: Late-Holocene climate change and the Tupi–Guarani trans-continental expansion

Crop domestication in the upper Madeira River basin

On finite embedded clauses in Tuparí: their synchrony, diachrony, and typology

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