The two-screen measurement setup to indirectly measure proton beam self-modulation in AWAKE

Turner, M.; Biskup, B.; Bürger, S.; Gschwendtner, Edda; Mazzoni, Stefano; Petrenko, Alexey

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2017.02.064

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The second beam imaging station (FIG. 1; orange, right) is used instead, providing an indirect measurement of the self-modulation by measuring the transversely defocused protons [31]. These protons are expelled from the central propagation axis by transverse electric fields that are only present when the proton bunch undergoes modulation in the plasma.…”

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confidence: 99%

Acceleration of electrons in the plasma wakefield of a proton bunch

Adli

Ahuja

Apsimon

et al. 2018

Nature

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218

153

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High-energy particle accelerators have been crucial in providing a deeper understanding of fundamental particles and the forces that govern their interactions. To increase the energy of the particles or to reduce the size of the accelerator, new acceleration schemes need to be developed. Plasma wakefield acceleration, in which the electrons in a plasma are excited, leading to strong electric fields (so called 'wakefields'), is one such promising acceleration technique. Experiments have shown that an intense laser pulse or electron bunch traversing a plasma can drive electric fields of tens of gigavolts per metre and above-well beyond those achieved in conventional radio-frequency accelerators (about 0.1 gigavolt per metre). However, the low stored energy of laser pulses and electron bunches means that multiple acceleration stages are needed to reach very high particle energies. The use of proton bunches is compelling because they have the potential to drive wakefields and to accelerate electrons to high energy in a single acceleration stage. Long, thin proton bunches can be used because they undergo a process called self-modulation, a particle-plasma interaction that splits the bunch longitudinally into a series of high-density microbunches, which then act resonantly to create large wakefields. The Advanced Wakefield (AWAKE) experiment at CERN uses high-intensity proton bunches-in which each proton has an energy of 400 gigaelectronvolts, resulting in a total bunch energy of 19 kilojoules-to drive a wakefield in a ten-metre-long plasma. Electron bunches are then injected into this wakefield. Here we present measurements of electrons accelerated up to two gigaelectronvolts at the AWAKE experiment, in a demonstration of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. Measurements were conducted under various plasma conditions and the acceleration was found to be consistent and reliable. The potential for this scheme to produce very high-energy electron bunches in a single accelerating stage means that our results are an important step towards the development of future high-energy particle accelerators.

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confidence: 99%

Acceleration of electrons in the plasma wakefield of a proton bunch

Adli

Ahuja

Apsimon

et al. 2018

Nature

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218

153

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“…As the beam passes through the imaging screen, it deposits some energy as heat, thereby raising the temperature [15]. In the beam-pipe vacuum, only radiative and conductive processes are available to dissipate the heat.…”

Section: Screen Heating Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 9 Peak temperature in screen layers vs. beam size, for a single full pulse of 1.114x10 15 protons, at E p = 570 MeV.…”

Section: Screen Heating Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a beam imaging system for the European spallation source tuning dump

Ibison

Welsch

Adli

et al. 2020

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…From simulations we expect that for each strongly defocused proton, we get approximatmely 10 4 − 10 5 protons that were not defocused and stay in the bunch core [2,4]. To detect both the maximum defocused protons and the ones in the core, we use two cameras (see Figure 1b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method to determine the maximum radius of defocused protons after self-modulation in AWAKE

Turner

Gschwendtner

Muggli

2018

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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The AWAKE experiment at CERN aims to drive GV/m plasma wakefields with a self-modulated proton drive bunch, and to use them for electron acceleration. During the self-modulation process, protons are defocused by the transverse plasma wakefields and form a halo around the focused bunch core. The two-screen setup integrated in AWAKE measures the transverse, time-integrated proton bunch distribution downstream the 10 m long plasma to detect defocused protons. By measuring the maximum radius of the defocused protons we attempt calculate properties of the self-modulation. In this article, we develop a routine to identify the maximum radius of the defocused protons, based on a standard contour method. We compare the maximum radius obtained from the contour to the logarithmic lineouts of the image to show that the determined radius identifies the edge of the distribution.

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The two-screen measurement setup to indirectly measure proton beam self-modulation in AWAKE

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Acceleration of electrons in the plasma wakefield of a proton bunch

Acceleration of electrons in the plasma wakefield of a proton bunch

Development of a beam imaging system for the European spallation source tuning dump

A method to determine the maximum radius of defocused protons after self-modulation in AWAKE

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