The two-stage sorption process of polymers immersed in water viewed from the process of the lowering of ζ-potential with time

Kanamaru, Kisou; Hirata, Mitsuo

doi:10.1007/bf01521983

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…63 Numerous models have been developed to address the sorption into glassy polymers that proceed by two (apparent) stages. 64,65 This two-stage sorption is consistent with the sorption isotherms shown in Figure 4 for water vapor sorption into glassy NPD films. Figure 4b demonstrates that the water sorption in NPD can be fit by the two stage model proposed by Long and Richman.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Substrate Temperature to Control Moduli and Water Uptake in Thin Films of Vapor Deposited N,N′-Di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (NPD)

Torres

Bakken

Li³

et al. 2015

J. Phys. Chem. B

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Ultrastable glasses are generated by vapor deposition on substrates heated near the glass transition temperature (Tg), but it is unclear if the remarkable properties of such glasses are present in ultrathin (<100 nm) films. Here, we demonstrate that the moduli of 50 nm thick N,N'-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPD) film can be increased from 1.5 to 2.5 GPa by simply increasing the temperature of the substrate during deposition with a maximum in modulus found at T/Tg = 0.94. This maximum in modulus is the same modulus obtained for very thin (<15 nm) NPD films deposited at 295 K (T/Tg = 0.80). However, the modulus of films deposited at this lower temperature abruptly decreases to approximately 1.5 GPa for thicker films; the modulus from deposition at T/Tg = 0.94 is thickness independent. In addition to the thin film modulus, the substrate temperature significantly impacts the water uptake in NPD films. From QCM, the volume fraction of water at equilibrium with nearly saturated water vapor decreases from nearly 4% to less than 1% as the substrate temperature increases from T/Tg = 0.82 to T/Tg = 0.93. The substrate temperature provides a simple route to control mechanical properties and water uptake into vapor-deposited NPD, and these concepts are likely extendable to other organic electronic materials; the increased moduli and decreased water uptake could enable improved performance and lifetime of small molecule glasses for a variety of organic electronic applications.

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Section: ■ Experimental Sectionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Substrate Temperature to Control Moduli and Water Uptake in Thin Films of Vapor Deposited N,N′-Di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (NPD)

Torres

Bakken

Li³

et al. 2015

J. Phys. Chem. B

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“…polymers above their glass transition) a saturated surface concentration is attained instantaneously at the polymer surface and that many of the non-Fickian anomalies, such as sigmoid absorption curves, may be ascribed to the slow establishment of a saturated surface concentration condition at the surface of the sample below the glass transition (Richman & Long, 1960). Above the glass transition temperature, solvent uptake by a polymer can be modelled with the following exponential equation (Kanamaru & Hirata 1969):…”

Section: Modeling Water Uptake In Pulse/legume Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By tying these concepts together, Peleg's (1994a; model of mechanical changes in biomaterials at and around their glass transition, was used to model the water uptake behavior of seeds that possess a lag time and an exponential equation of the form given by Kanamaru & Hirata (1969) was used to model the water uptake behavior of seeds that do not possess a lag time (Ross et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Modeling Water Uptake In Pulse/legume Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This data was analysed with a modified version of the exponential equation presented by Kanamaru & Hirata (1969) (i.e. Eq.…”

Section: Use Of An Exponential Model For Characterizing Water Uptake mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, seeds that possess seed coats with a glass transition temperature near ambient temperature reach a saturated surface concentration rapidly upon immersion in water and exhibit exponential water uptake behavior with no significant lag time. Consequently, water uptake in seeds that possess seed coats with a glass transition temperature near ambient temperature and were successfully modelled with the exponential equation provided by Kanamaru & Hirata (1969) used for describing solvent uptake by polymers above the glass transition.…”

Section: Hypothesis Of the Mechanism Describing Water Uptake In Pulsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Glass Transition Temperatures of Polymers

Andrews

Grulke

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The Wiley Database of Polymer Properties

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VI-244 4.6. Poly(benzimidazoles) VI-245 4.7. Poly(benzothiazinophenothiazines) VI-245 4.8. Poly(benzothiazoles) VI-245 4.9. Poly(benzoxazlnes) VI-245 4.10. Poly(benzoxazoles) VI-245 4.11. Poly(carboranes) VI-245 4.12. Poly(dibenzofurans) VI-246 4.13. Poly(dioxoisoindolines) VI-246 4.14. Poly(fluoresceins) VI-247 4.15. Poly(furan tetracarboxylic acid diimides) VI-247 4.16. Poly(oxabicyclononanes) VI-247 4.17. Poly(oxadiazoles) VI-248 4.18. Poly(oxindoles) VI-248 4.19. Poly(oxoisoindolines) VI-248 4.20. Poly(phthalazines) VI-248 4.21. Poly(phthalides) VI-248 4.22. Poly(piperazines) VI-248 4.23. Poly(piperidines) VI-249 4.24. Poly(pyrazinoquinoxalines) VI-249 4.25. Poly(pyrazoles) VI-249 4.26. Poly(pyridazines) VI-249 4.27. Poly(pyridines) VI-249 4.28. Poly(pyromellitimides) VI-249 4.29. Poly(pyrrolidines) VI-250 4.30. Poly(quinones) VI-250 4.31. Poly(quinoxalines) VI-250 4.32. Poly(triazines) VI-252 4.33. Poly(triazoles) VI-252 Table 5. Copolymers VI-252 G. References VI-253 A. INTRODUCTIONAmorphous (noncrystalline) polymeric solids are either glasses or rubbers. A glassy polymer lacks long range order, and is below the temperature at which molecular motions take place on the time scale of the experiment. A rubbery polymer is above the temperature at which molecular motions take place on the time scale of the experiment. The glass transition temperature, T g , is the critical temperature that separates glassy behavior from rubbery behavior. Many amorphous solids, including polymers, organic liquids, biomaterials, some metals and alloys, and inorganic oxide glasses, exhibit glass transition temperatures. The dramatic change in the local movement of polymer chains at T g leads to large changes in a host of physical properties. These properties include density, specific heat, mechanical modulus, mechanical energy absorption, dielectric coefficients, acoustical properties, viscosity, and the rate of gas or liquid diffusion through the polymer, to name a few. Any of these properties can be used, at least in a crude manner, to determine T g . References page VI -253 Specific volume Gl assCrystal l i zati on vol ume change Li qui d

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The two-stage sorption process of polymers immersed in water viewed from the process of the lowering of ζ-potential with time

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Substrate Temperature to Control Moduli and Water Uptake in Thin Films of Vapor Deposited N,N′-Di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (NPD)

Substrate Temperature to Control Moduli and Water Uptake in Thin Films of Vapor Deposited N,N′-Di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (NPD)

A Polymer Science Approach to Physico-Chemical Characterization and Processing of Pulse Seeds

Glass Transition Temperatures of Polymers

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