The Unheard Stories: Experiences of Young People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Dealing with Discrimination in the Philippines

Abstract

Purpose The aim of this study is to gain an in-depth understanding of the experiences of young people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (YPLHIV) in dealing with discrimination and contribute to a more efficient response. Patients and Methods We utilised qualitative descriptive research-narrative inquiry. Twenty YPLHIV aged 19 to 24 under treatment from HIV hubs in Metro Manila, Philippines were purposely selected for an in-depth individual interview. Data were transcribed verbatim and manually coded and analysed using narrative thematic analysis. Results We found that HIV knowledge and beliefs of YPLHIV plays a huge role in their experience. Second, dealing with HIV stereotypes contributed to how they assume judgments from others (perceived stigma) and may have internalised the stigma which alters their belief toward self and the disease. Third, thoughts of suicide, experiencing emotional dissonance, and having difficulty embracing one’s identity indicate declined mental health. Fourth, they continuously seek and may have received support from significant others and the community. Some may have directly received or perceived discrimination, but the YPLHIV reported that support received from others plays positively vital role in their journey. Finally, the disease helped change their behaviour and, in turn, brought them to lifestyle change as they are eager to be undetectable and untransmissible (U=U) and perpetually reflect on the ordeal challenge of adhering to treatment. Conclusion Our study concluded that the stigma and discrimination that YPLHIVs endured were caused by misinformation about the disease and stems from both within themselves and from others around them. Support received from friends, family members, and the community helped them deal with their circumstances. We recommend that efforts be made by both the government and non-government to develop programs distinctly for YPLHIV. Future research may explore the mental health aspect as this has been found concerning in the narratives among young population patients.