The Unique and Practical Advantages of Applying A Capability Approach to Brain Computer Interface

Abstract

Intelligent neurotechnology is an emerging field that combines neurotechnologies like brain-computer interface (BCI) with artificial intelligence. This paper introduces a capability framework to assess the responsible use of intelligent BCI systems and provide practical ethical guidance. It proposes two tests, the threshold and flourishing tests, that BCI applications must meet, and illustrates them in a series of cases. After a brief introduction (Section 1), Section 2 sets forth the capability view and the two tests. It illustrates the threshold test using examples from clinical medicine of BCI applications that enable patients with profound disabilities to function at a threshold level through computer mediation. Section 3 illustrates the flourishing test by exploring possible future applications of BCI involving neuroenhancements for healthy people, using examples adapted from research currently underway in the US military. Section 3 applies a capability lens to a complex case involving dual effects, both therapeutic and non-therapeutic, showing how the threshold and flourishing tests resolve the case. Section 4 replies to three objections: neurorights are the best tool for assessing BCI; the two tests are moving targets; and the analysis utilizes a capability view to do work it is not designed for. The paper concludes that a capability view offers unique advantages and gives practical guidance for evaluating the responsible use of present and future BCI applications. Extrapolating from our analysis may help guide other emerging technologies, such as germline gene editing, expected to impact central human capabilities.

What are community perspectives regarding brain- computer interfaces? A cross-sectional study of community-dwelling adults in the UK

“…Whilst invasive BCI technology has been aimed at the treatment of clinical disorders (19), the heterogeneity in BCI technology that is currently entering FDA trials suggest that the chronic effects will vary according to the individual surgical process. Further, the use of BCIs for in enhancement aimed at surpassing natural human capabilities poses ethical concerns especially when enhancements are aimed at surpassing natural human capabilities (14,20). Because the public's perception of BCIs is mixed (21-23), addressing ethical concerns, ensuring equitable access and fostering public engagement will be essential for realizing the full potential of BCIs in a manner that aligns with societal values and expectations.…”

“…The potential integration of BCIs with cloud computing and the use of sensitive neural data for commercial purposes also highlights an urgent need for robust ethical guidelines and regulatory frameworks to safeguard individual rights and privacy (18).Whilst invasive BCI technology has been aimed at the treatment of clinical disorders (19), the heterogeneity in BCI technology that is currently entering FDA trials suggest that the chronic effects will vary according to the individual surgical process. Further, the use of BCIs for in enhancement aimed at surpassing natural human capabilities poses ethical concerns especially when enhancements are aimed at surpassing natural human capabilities (14,20). Because the public's perception of BCIs is mixed (21-23), addressing ethical concerns, ensuring equitable access and fostering public engagement will be essential for realizing the full potential of BCIs in a manner that aligns with societal values and expectations.Understanding public attitudes towards BCIs including concerns about ethical implications and societal impacts is crucial for guiding the responsible development and use of these technologies.…”

Leadership perspectives on resilience capabilities for navigating disruption

“…It has been used to measure and evaluate poverty, inequality and social exclusion and to identify the causes and consequences of these issues (Luz and Portugal, 2022; Middlemiss et al , 2019). It has also been applied in gender and disability studies, where it has been used to identify and address inequalities and discrimination (Anand et al , 2020; Grace and Eng, 2020), in education (Gracia-Calandín and Tamarit-López, 2021), self-development (Meijering et al , 2019) and brain–computer interface (Jecker and Ko, 2022). Additionally, the approach has been used to evaluate and design policies related to education, health, employment (Yerkes et al , 2019) and human development (Streeten, 1994).…”