Establishing and improving a scientific system and a system that fully extracts and utilizes commercial data plays an extremely important role in promoting the normal development of China’s foreign trade and maintaining the fundamental interests of the country and the industry. This paper aims to design an early warning system for international trade based on ant colony optimization algorithm. A method of dividing the optimized weights and thresholds into small sets is proposed for the optimization algorithm. The early warning indicator system, early warning model and early warning system construction of TBT are introduced in detail, and the design of TBT early warning system is described and demonstrated in detail. In the verification part, the algorithm after ant colony optimization is compared with the ordinary BP network before the improvement, and it is found that the error of the improved method is smaller, which shows the superiority of the algorithm in solving the problem of international trade early warning.