The Use of a Eutectic Mixture of Olive Pomace Oil Fatty Amides to Easily Prepare Sulfated Amides Applied as Lime Soap Dispersants

Abstract

Sulfated diethanolamides of fatty acids are known to be effective lime soap dispersing agents. However, their preparation from fatty acids via fatty amides requires the use of organic solvents due to the high viscosity of both fatty amides and sulfated fatty amides. This study shows that the preparation of sulfated fatty amides is relatively easy when using olive pomace oil as the raw material. The latter, is converted into sulfated fatty amides by performing the following steps: saponification, hydrolysis, esterification, amidation, and sulfation. In the final step, the mixture obtained has sufficient fluidity, due to its high linoleic acid amide content, to obviate the use of organic solvents, as usually suggested in the literature. Characterization of the product was carried out by chemical analyses, FTIR, 13 C NMR, GC, and HPLC. It was shown that the yield of the amidation reaction is about 80%, and that of the sulfation reaction can exceed 100% against the pure amide (more than one sulfate group could be linked to one amide molecule). On the other hand, the Borghetty test showed that the product is an effective dispersant with a lime soap dispersing power equal to five.

Surface Activities of Three Anionic Gemini Surfactants Derived from Cyanuric Chloride: Effect of a Branched Hydrophobic Chain

“…Surfactant solutions (0.25 wt%) were prepared and kept at 25°C . Lime soap dispersing power was determined using the Borghetty test [22]. A test tube was filled with 5 ml (0.5 wt%) sodium oleate solution, 10 ml hard water (containing 600 ppm Ca 2?…”

Surface properties, micellar molecular interaction, and physical properties for binary systems of sodium oleate with three anionic surfactants

“…The oldest, best known and most important surfactants are soaps [29] . In water of moderately hardness, fatty acid soap can show a good detergency.…”

Interaction of Novel Anionic Gemini Surfactants with Dodecyl Sodium Sulfate in Aqueous NaCl Medium and the Performance of Their Mixtures

“…[26] An amount of 5 ml of a 0.5% (wt%) solution of sodium oleate was added to a test tube, followed by 10 ml of a hard water solution containing 600 ppm Ca 2þ and 400 ppm Mg 2þ , which caused formation of a lime soap deposit. An initial small amount of the dispersing agent was then added to the test tube and the total volume was adjusted to 30 ml.…”