The use of cyclohexanone as a “derivatizing” reagent for the GC–MS detection of amphetamines and ephedrines in seizures and the urine

El‐Haj, Babiker M.; Al-Amri, Abdelkader M.; Hassan, M. M. A.; Ali, Heyam Saad; Khadem, R.K. Bin

doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(03)00101-4

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…[6][7][8][9][10][11] Because of its illegality and increased use by adolescent and youngadultsinsociety,thereisaneedforarapid,simpleand accurate analytical method for investigating these compounds. Many methods have been reported using gas chromatography (GC), 10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18] liquid chromatography (LC) [19][20][21][22] and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). 14,[22][23][24] The consumption of high amount continuouslyflowmobilephasewithalongermigrationtimeof LC 21,22 andlowreproduciblewithtailingpeaksforCZE 22 have to be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecstasy Analysis by Monolithic Materials-Capillary Electrochromatography

et al. 2009

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Monolithic columns were successfully prepared and used with capillary electrochromatography for the analysis of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine(MDMA)inecstasytabletsanditsmetabolitesinurinesamples.Cationicandneutral monolithcolumnsprovidedbetterefficienciesthananionicmonoliths.Theneutralbutylmethacrylate(BMA)monolith columnprovidedsymmetricalpeakswiththehighestefficiency,highresolutionandshortanalysistimes.Thedeveloped methodusingBMAmonolithiccolumnprovidedthedetectionlimitsforMDMAanditsmetabolitesat1mgmL -1 with excellentintra-dayandinter-dayprecisionandlinearityfrom7.5to100mgmL -1 (R 2 ≥0.99).MDMAwasfoundasthe main component in ecstasy tablets while 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine as the major metabolite in urine samples. High recoveries (97% for MDMA from tablets and 84 -102% for its metabolites from urine samples) were obtainedusingsimpleultrasonicextractionforecstasytabletsandliquid-liquidextractionforurinesamples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecstasy Analysis by Monolithic Materials-Capillary Electrochromatography

et al. 2009

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“…The escalation of the abuse of these drugs has caused serious health and social problems: chronic use of amphetamines often leads to hallucinations and psychosis, as well as dysphoria and depression upon withdrawal [1]. In response to a growing demand for reliable evidence of amphetamines use, methods providing reproducible results for identification and quantification of the amphetamines and related compounds in biological matrices have been developed using a variety of techniques such as HPLC [2,3], GC [4][5][6][7], and CE [8][9][10][11][12][13]. However, the trace amount of these substances in biological matrices including human hair remains a challenge for analytical chemists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of amphetamine, methamphetamine and methylenedioxy‐methamphetamine by micellar capillary electrophoresis using cation‐selective exhaustive injection

et al. 2006

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Cation-selective exhaustive injection (CSEI) is used as an on-line concentration method for the high-sensitivity analysis of illicit amphetamines using CE. Optimum conditions for the determination of amphetamine, methamphetamine and methylenedioxy-methamphetamine were investigated. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (25 mM) in 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.9) with 20% methanol as organic additive was used as the background electrolyte for CE separation. The LOD, based on an S/N of 3:1, was about 0.01 microg/mL using normal capillary micellar electrokinetic chromatography, while by using CSEI in combination with micellar sweeping the sensitivity increased up to 1000-fold with the LOD lower than 50 pg/mL. The reproducibility of CSEI combined with micellar sweeping for analyzing amphetamines was satisfactory (relative standard deviation around 10% by using area ratios against an internal standard). This method is highly sensitive and can be used to analyze trace amount amphetamines in human hair.

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“…GC is a popular and useful analytical tool for the determination of ephedrines in pharmaceutical preparations and in biological fluids after proper derivatization. [87][88][89][90] With the use of a hyphenated GC-MS instrument, reliable information on the identity of the chemical structure of analytes, especially unknown compounds, is available, which is very helpful to the safety control of quantity of TCM. El-Haj 89 applied a GC-MS method to detect methamphetamine and ephedrine in urine based on derivatization with cyclohexanone.…”

Section: ·1 Analysis Methods Of Ephedrinementioning

confidence: 99%

Separation Methods for Toxic Components in Traditional Chinese Medicines

et al. 2005

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Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with many unique functions for treating diseases have attracted the interest of people worldwide. They have been popularly utilized for therapy and health promotion in most Asian countries and even in many European and North American countries. However, it should be clearly noted that TCMs are mixtures with complicated composition usually containing hundreds, even thousands of chemically different constituents, and it is the multiple constituents that work synthetically to determine the ultimate effect of a formula of TCM. Meanwhile, some components with toxicity in some TCMs, having various negative effects on different parts of body, may do serious harm to people's health; such harm in particular requires our attention. In this article, applications of different chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques in the analysis of toxic components in TCMs in recent decades have been comprehensively reviewed and some hyphenated procedures (combinations of two kinds of measurement) applied in this field are also summarized.

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The use of cyclohexanone as a “derivatizing” reagent for the GC–MS detection of amphetamines and ephedrines in seizures and the urine

Cited by 29 publications

References 4 publications

Ecstasy Analysis by Monolithic Materials-Capillary Electrochromatography

Ecstasy Analysis by Monolithic Materials-Capillary Electrochromatography

Analysis of amphetamine, methamphetamine and methylenedioxy‐methamphetamine by micellar capillary electrophoresis using cation‐selective exhaustive injection

Separation Methods for Toxic Components in Traditional Chinese Medicines

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