The Use of<i>Pythium oligandrum</i>for Biological Control of Preemergence Damping-Off Caused by<i>P. ultimum</i>

Martin, Frank N.; Hancock, J. G.

doi:10.1094/phyto-77-1013

Cited by 114 publications

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“…Biological control, or the use of microorganisms or their secretions to prevent plant diseases, offers an attractive alternative for the control of plant diseases and also to reduce environmental pollution caused by chemical control. Therefore, biological control methods have become an important approach to facilitate sustainable agriculture (Martin andHancock, 1987 andWang et al, 1999). Microorganisms used for biocontrol include bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, screening and growth optimization of antagonistic Bacillus subtilis MS21 from Thengapattanam estuary against plant fungal pathogens

Anjhana¹,

Sasikala²

2017

Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci.

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In the present work marine sediment samples were collected from Thengapattanam estuary on the south west coast of India for the isolation and screening of bacteria for biocidal potency. The density of the bacterial load in the sediment samples was ranged from 5.43x10 4 to 2.8x10 6 CFU/g. Screening of bacterial isolates for antagonistic activity revealed that the isolate MS21 had the highest zone of clearance among against all the 10 plant fungal pathogens tested. Among 10 fungal pathogens, the highest antagonistic activity was observed against Gleosporium gleosporioide (36mm) and the lowest against Colletotrichum lamella (11mm). The potential isolate was identified as Bacillus subtilis using biochemical methods and it was designated as Bacillus subtilis MS21. Effect of various physicochemical parameters on growth of B. subtilis MS21 showed that 36 hrs of incubation period, 150 rpm agitation, pH-8.0, temperature-35 o C, salinity-1.0%, 2% sucrose as carbon source and 1% beef extract as nitrogen source were found to be the ideal conditions for maximum growth. Maximum growth of 1.92 OD was observed in mass scale culture with the optimized ideal conditions in the shake flask.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, screening and growth optimization of antagonistic Bacillus subtilis MS21 from Thengapattanam estuary against plant fungal pathogens

Anjhana¹,

Sasikala²

2017

Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci.

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“…The fungus was isolated from seedling roots predominantly at the junction between the primary root and the hypocotyl and rarely from secondary roots. Seed treatment did not affect seedling growth, and tissue necrosis or reduction in shoot growth was not observed (MARTIN & HANCOCK 1987).…”

Section: Antagonism By Pythium Oligandrummentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Colonisation of endosperm and radicle by P. ultimum was also higher for untreated seeds (63-71%) than for treated seeds (3-7%). Endosperms colonised by P. ultimum were often necrotic, and the radicles were infected non soon after emergence (MARTIN & HANCOCK 1987).…”

Section: Antagonism By Pythium Oligandrummentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploitation of the mycoparasitic fungus Pythium oligandrum in plant protection - A review

Brožová¹

2002

Plant Prot. Sci.

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Pythium oligandrum Drechs. belongs to the order Oomycetes. It is parasitic on many fungi from the same or other orders. The antagonism of P. oligandrum is a multifaceted process dependent on the target species involved. P. oligandrum is nonpathogenic on 12 species of crops from six families. It does not attack their tissue but occurs on the root surface, predominantly in the regions of hypocotyl -taproot, together with plant pathogenic fungi. It utilises the root exudates and fungus hyphae on the root surface, including those of the plant pathogens, for its own support. A growth stimulation of plants was observed. P. oligandrum can be utilised for biological control on a wide spectrum of crop plants. Different methods of application have been developed. The effect of a mycoparasite preparation is more preventive.

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“…PO has been shown to colonize the rhizosphere of a wide range of agriculturally important crops 1 . However, there is no direct evidence that PO is a plant pathogen; Martin and Hancock 17 have shown that PO was not pathogenic to 12 species of agriculturally important plants. Moreover, PO reportedly shows antagonistic activity against a wide range of plant pathogenic true fungi and oomycetes via mycoparasitism mediated by intimate hyphal interaction and antibiosis 4,16 .…”

Section: Biocontrol Of Sugar Beet Seedling and Taproot Diseases Causementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Root growth and yield are also enhanced by root colonization with PO, due to its auxin compounds 15 . PO has been demonstrated to be an effective biocontrol agent for such soilborne diseases as dampingoff of sugar beet caused by Pythium ultimum 17 , Verticillium wilt of pepper 2 , and bacterial wilt of tomato 9 . Recently, our group found the treatment of potato seed tubers with PO oospore suspensions to be a practical control measure for black scurf of potato caused by R. solani AG-3 in the field 10 .…”

Section: Biocontrol Of Sugar Beet Seedling and Taproot Diseases Causementioning

confidence: 99%

Biocontrol of Sugar Beet Seedling and Taproot Diseases Caused by Aphanomyces cochlioides by Pythium oligandrum Treatments before Transplanting

Takenaka

Ishikawa

2013

JARQ

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IntroductionIn Japan, sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.) are only cultivated in the Hokkaido region, where a transplanting technique is commonly employed. This technique entails seeding sugar beets in paper pot nurseries for about 45 days of cultivation in a greenhouse, and then transplanting the seedlings in the field. Commercial fungicide-pelleted seeds are typically used to protect sugar beets from seedling diseases. In the Hokkaido region, Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani and Aphanomyces cochlioides are the main causal pathogens at the seedling stage of sugar beet 11 . Infection by Pythium spp. primarily causes pre-emergence damping-off, while R. solani causes the pre-emergence death of seedlings and damages newly emerged seedlings. On the other hand, A. cochlioides causes little or no preemergence damping-off, but causes extensive post-emergence damping-off that could result in the destruction of entire fields, especially in warm and wet soil 13 . Fungicidepelleted seeds can stably control pre-emergence damping-off, but not post-emergence damping-off, and so the latter type of damping-off caused by A. cochlioides is the main cause of sugar beet seedling loss. Furthermore, after seedlings are transplanted in the field, A. cochlioides can also cause root rot (i.e., Aphanomyces root rot) from late June to the end of the growing season 28,29 . The pathogen is widely distributed throughout sugar beet production areas, persistent for long periods in the soil, and not easily controlled by chemicals and cultivation practices. As a result, Aphanomyces root rot is a chronic problem that could become particularly severe in certain fields or during years when warm and moist conditions prevail. Therefore, new control measures for both post-emergence Biocontrol of Sugar Beet Seedling and Taproot Diseases Caused by Aphanomyces cochlioides by Pythium oligandrum AbstractBiocontrol activities in the oospore suspensions of 17 isolates of Pythium oligandrum (PO) were examined for their effect against post-emergence seedling diseases. The seeds of sugar beet that had been commercially chemical-pelleted to prevent pre-emergence damping-off were sown in Aphanomyces cochlioides-infested soil on trays. PO isolate MMR2 proved most effective in controlling post-emergence damping-off, at a level equivalent to that of applying fungicides. Oospore suspensions stored for 188 days or 379 days at 4℃ were as effective against A. cochlioides post-emergence damping-off as chemical control. Treating soil with PO oospores by mixing suspensions into the surface of soil in paper pot nurseries or by drenching seedlings 32 days before transplanting could control Aphanomyces root rot in the field without additional applications. The control effect conferred by PO suspensions was also demonstrated in vitro. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay used to detect PO indicated that this oomycete could colonize the rhizosphere of sugar beet plants cultivated in the field when applied before transplanting. These results suggest that PO has the potential to c...

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The Use ofPythium oligandrumfor Biological Control of Preemergence Damping-Off Caused byP. ultimum

Cited by 114 publications

References 0 publications

Isolation, screening and growth optimization of antagonistic Bacillus subtilis MS21 from Thengapattanam estuary against plant fungal pathogens

Isolation, screening and growth optimization of antagonistic Bacillus subtilis MS21 from Thengapattanam estuary against plant fungal pathogens

Exploitation of the mycoparasitic fungus Pythium oligandrum in plant protection - A review

Biocontrol of Sugar Beet Seedling and Taproot Diseases Caused by Aphanomyces cochlioides by Pythium oligandrum Treatments before Transplanting

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