The use of intravenous lipid emulsion as an antidote in veterinary toxicology

Fernández, Alberto Luis; Lee, Justine A.; Rahilly, Louisa J.; Hovda, Lynn R.; Brutlag, Ahna G.; Engebretsen, Kristin M.

doi:10.1111/j.1476-4431.2011.00657.x

Cited by 108 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The benefits of ILE therapy are thought to be related to improvements in cardiac function and a 'lipid sink' effect, which relies on the formation of a lipid compartment that traps lipophilic drugs (Fernandez et al, 2011).…”

Section: Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poisoning of dogs and cats by drugs intended for human use

Cortinovis

Pizzo

Caloni

2015

The Veterinary Journal

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Section: Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poisoning of dogs and cats by drugs intended for human use

Cortinovis

Pizzo

Caloni

2015

The Veterinary Journal

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“…Intravenous lipid emulsion therapy is adapted from human medicine protocols, due to lack of reports in veterinary medicine regarding metaldehyde poisoning. General recommendations in intoxications suggest an initial bolus between 1.5 and 4 ml/kg over 1-15 min, followed by a CRI at 0.25 ml/kg/min, for 30-120 min (Loftin 2012;Fernandez et al 2011). In our case, a total dose of 19 ml/kg/day was administered, which was followed by a remarkable improvement of the tonic-clonic activity and complete resolution of the clinical signs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful treatment of metaldehyde toxicosis with intravenous lipid emulsion in a dog

et al. 2017

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The aim of the present report is to describe a novel successful treatment approach for metaldehyde poisoning in a dog: intravenous lipid emulsion therapy (ILE). A 2.5-month-old female Labrador Retriever was referred to the Emergency Department following deliberate ingestion of a metaldehyde-containing granular bait. Severe continuous tonic-clonic activity, muscle tremors, loss of consciousness, diffuse congestion of the oral mucosa, tachycardia, tachypnoea and nystagmus were observed upon admission. Additional intravenous administration of a 20% lipid emulsion resulted in normalization of the vital signs and complete neurological recovery. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing ILE in the treatment of canine metaldehyde intoxication and the first description of a case of metaldehyde poisoning in a dog in Romania. Considering the severity of the neurological signs and the fact that no specific antidote is known, treatment can be significantly challenging to the veterinary practitioner. This finding should be included in metaldehyde poisoning therapy protocols, especially when severe clinical signs fail to respond to symptomatic treatment.

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“…The exact mechanism of action and effective dose of ILE for dogs or foals has not been elucidated. The ‘lipid sink’ mechanism by which lipophilic compounds are sequestered into a newly created lipid compartment within the intravascular space is the most accepted theory at this time . Previous case reports in dogs and foals have demonstrated an increase in serum ivermectin levels immediately after intralipid therapy, supporting a lipid sink mechanism of action .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroretinographic changes after intravenous lipid emulsion therapy in a dog and a foal with ivermectin toxicosis

Pollio¹,

Michau

Weaver³

et al. 2016

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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This case report describes ivermectin-induced blindness in a dog and a foal with normal ophthalmic fundic examinations and attenuated electroretinography (ERG). Subsequent recovery in ERG was noted following intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy. A dog and a foal were evaluated for ivermectin-induced blindness. Clinical signs included dull mentation, absent pupillary light reflexes (PLRs), and absent menace on presentation. The animals had normal fundoscopic examinations; however, in both cases ERG was consistent with neurosensory retinal dysfunction. Following ILE therapy for ivermectin toxicosis, return of menace, PLRs, and normal mentation were noted, as was improvement in ERG and serum ivermectin levels. These are the first documented cases of ivermectin-induced blindness in a dog and a foal with normal fundic examinations and attenuated ERG. ERG improved in both animals after ILE therapy. ERG may assist in the diagnosis of ivermectin toxicosis in dogs and horses. ILE therapy may hasten recovery in treatment of ivermectin-induced blindness.

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The use of intravenous lipid emulsion as an antidote in veterinary toxicology

Cited by 108 publications

References 62 publications

Poisoning of dogs and cats by drugs intended for human use

Poisoning of dogs and cats by drugs intended for human use

Successful treatment of metaldehyde toxicosis with intravenous lipid emulsion in a dog

Electroretinographic changes after intravenous lipid emulsion therapy in a dog and a foal with ivermectin toxicosis

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