The Use of Ranks to Avoid the Assumption of Normality Implicit in the Analysis of Variance

Friedman, Milton

doi:10.1080/01621459.1937.10503522

Cited by 4,041 publications

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“…Friedman test for relative efficiency analysis and ranks were allotted by assigning the 296 higher value to the better yield method (Friedman et al, 1937). A P-value of <0.05 297 was considered significant.…”

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New methods for the concentration of viruses from urban sewage using quantitative PCR

Calgua

Rodríguez-Manzano

Hundesa

et al. 2013

Journal of Virological Methods

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23 24Viruses are among the most important pathogens present in water contaminated with 25 feces or urine and represent a serious risk to human health. Four procedures for 26 concentrating viruses from sewage have been compared in this work, three of which 27were developed in the present study. Viruses were quantified using PCR techniques. 28According to statistical analysis and the sensitivity to detect human adenoviruses 29 (HAdV), JC polyomaviruses (JCPyV) and noroviruses genogroup II (NoV GGII), (i) a 30 new procedure (elution and skimmed-milk flocculation procedure (ESMP)) based on 31 the elution of the viruses with glycine-alkaline buffer followed by organic flocculation 32 with skimmed-milk was found to be the most efficient method when compared to (ii) 33 ultrafiltration and glycine-alkaline elution, (iii) a lyophilization-based method and (iv) 34 ultracentrifugation and glycine-alkaline elution. Through the analysis of replicate 35 sewage samples, ESMP showed reproducible results with a coefficient of variation 36 (CV) of 16% for HAdV, 12% for JCPyV and 17% for NoV GGII. Using spiked 37 samples, the viral recoveries were estimated at 30%-95% for HAdV, 55%-90% for 38JCPyV and 45%-50% for NoV GGII. ESMP was validated in a field study using 39

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confidence: 99%

New methods for the concentration of viruses from urban sewage using quantitative PCR

Calgua

Rodríguez-Manzano

Hundesa

et al. 2013

Journal of Virological Methods

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“…1, food consumption showed no consistent differences between the groups, with some groups having occasionally slightly higher or lower consumptions than corresponding controls. However, when the data were analysed on a cumulative basis between 4, 13, 41 and 92 weeks (Friedman, 1937) both the saccharintreated groups (B and D) and the highdose OTS group (E) showed reduced consumption (Table IV).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ortho-toluene sulphonamide and saccharin in the promotion of bladder cancer in the rat

Hooson¹,

Hicks²,

Grasso³

et al. 1980

Br J Cancer

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Summary.-The importance of the contaminant OTS in the promoting activity of commercial saccharin on rat bladder neoplasia was investigated. OTS, OTS-free and OTS-contaminated saccharin were administered in the drinking water or diet for 2 years to groups of rats pretreated with an intravesical instillation of MNU; OTS alone and OTS-free saccharin were also given to groups of rats not pretreated with MNU.Administration of OTS was not associated with changes in urinary pH, crystalluria or calculus formation, had no effect on the histology of normal rat bladder, and did not increase the incidence of bladder hyperplasia or neoplasia elicited by pretreatment with MNU. No differences could be found between the effect of OTS-free or OTS-contaminated saccharin on bladders of rats pretreated with MNU. These results indicate that OTS contamination played no part in the reported promoting activity of saccharin on the rat bladder.Administration of saccharin did not increase urinary pH, crystalluria or calculus formation, and failed to promote bladder neoplasia after a carcinogenic dose of MNU, though the numbers of proliferative lesions in the bladder were increased.

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“…The comparability of image processing between the different sessions of treatment was evaluated using the Freidman two-way ANOVA non-parametric test (13). A comparison between the mean value of the above variables before and after treatment was assessed using the Wilcoxon signed non-parametric test (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Image Processing Techniques to Assess Effect of Disodium Pamidronate in Conjunction with Radiotherapy in Patients with Bone Metastases

et al. 2002

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The Use of Ranks to Avoid the Assumption of Normality Implicit in the Analysis of Variance

Cited by 4,041 publications

References 0 publications

New methods for the concentration of viruses from urban sewage using quantitative PCR

New methods for the concentration of viruses from urban sewage using quantitative PCR

Ortho-toluene sulphonamide and saccharin in the promotion of bladder cancer in the rat

Use of Image Processing Techniques to Assess Effect of Disodium Pamidronate in Conjunction with Radiotherapy in Patients with Bone Metastases

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