The Use of Software Tools in Linked Data Publication and Consumption

Barbosa, Armando; Bittencourt, Ig Ibert; Siqueira, Sean W. M.; Silva, Rafael de Amorim; Calado, Ivo

doi:10.4018/ijswis.2017100104

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…tools for the steps, although leaving out important steps -such as data modeling, alignment, and the publication of the data on the Web. This study complements other systematic mappings or reviews, such as those of [26], which surveyed the adoption of best practices for publishing linked data, discussing which of the W3C best practices [91] are explicitly more present in the literature; and the systematic review on the use of software tools for linked data publishing, conducted by [8], which points out that most of the current state-of-the-art tools are concentrated in only a few of the steps of the publishing process, leaving important steps out. These systematic mappings did not provide information on the tasks involved during the process of linked data production.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The great advantage of linked data is to reuse data from external data sources, to discover additional information and create a Web of Data. To that end, the following tasks must be carried out: (i) identify and select the external sources with which one wants to link the data, such as Dbpedia 7 or GeoNames; 8 (ii) specify the access method to the target datasets (RDF dump, SPARQL endpoint); (iii) specify how to relate source and target resources that should be linked, by analyzing possible joining points, either by or creating matching rules; (iv) create the links, generating additional information that can be stored in a different file or triplestore; (v) validate the links created, by assessing multiple evaluation metrics and adjusting misalignments.…”

Section: E Penteado Et Al / Methodologies For Publishing Logd On the ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Methodologies for publishing linked open government data on the Web: A systematic mapping and a unified process model

Penteado

Maldonado

Isotani

2023

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Since the beginning of the release of open data by many countries, different methodologies for publishing linked data have been proposed. However, they seem not to be adopted by early studies exploring linked data for different reasons. In this work, we conducted a systematic mapping in the literature to synthesize the different approaches around the following topics: common steps, associated tools and practices, quality assessment validations, and evaluation of the methodology. The findings show a core set of activities, based on the linked data principles, but with additional critical steps for practical use in scale. Furthermore, although a fair amount of quality issues are reported in the literature, very few of these methodologies embed validation steps in their process. We describe an integrated overview of the different activities and how they can be executed with appropriate tools. We also present research challenges that need to be addressed in future works in this area.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: E Penteado Et Al / Methodologies For Publishing Logd On the ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodologies for publishing linked open government data on the Web: A systematic mapping and a unified process model

Penteado

Maldonado

Isotani

2023

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“…Close to our presented survey is a recent survey on The Use of Software Tools in Linked Data Publication and Consumption [14]. The authors assume a LOD publication process as well as a LOD consumption process, both taken from existing literature.…”

Section: Surveys Of Ld Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of tools for Linked Data consumption

Klímek

Škoda

Nečaský

2019

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There is lots of data published as Linked (Open) Data (LOD/LD). At the same time, there is also a multitude of tools for publication of LD. However, potential LD consumers still have difficulty discovering, accessing and exploiting LD. This is because compared to consumption of traditional data formats such as XML and CSV files, there is a distinct lack of tools for consumption of LD. The promoters of LD use the well-known 5-star Open Data deployment scheme to suggest that consumption of LD is a better experience once the consumer knows RDF and related technologies. This suggestion, however, falls short when the consumers search for an appropriate tooling support for LD consumption. In this paper we define a LD consumption process. Based on this process and current literature, we define a set of 34 requirements a hypothetical Linked Data Consumption Platform (LDCP) should ideally fulfill. We cover those requirements with a set of 94 evaluation criteria. We survey 110 tools identified as potential candidates for an LDCP, eliminating them in 3 rounds until 16 candidates for remain. We evaluate the 16 candidates using our 94 criteria. Based on this evaluation we show which parts of the LD consumption process are covered by the 16 candidates. Finally, we identify 8 tools which satisfy our requirements on being a LDCP. We also show that there are important LD consumption steps which are not sufficiently covered by existing tools. The authors of LDCP implementations may use this survey to decide about directions of future development of their tools. LD experts may use it to see the level of support of the state of the art technologies in existing tools. Non-LD experts may use it to choose a tool which supports their LD processing needs without requiring them to have expert knowledge of the technologies. The paper can also be used as an introductory text to LD consumption.

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“…Further, the sharing and linking of data can also be done using technology based on the paradigm of internet publishing and supporting semantics also (Capadisli et al, 2015). Multiple software tools can be used for that purpose (Barbosa et al, 2017). Consequently, the framework proposed here comes to complement the data storage layer of these frameworks (which is essentially based on the traditional client-server model of the web) with the benefits of shared public ledgers and file systems based on replication.…”

Section: Data Sharing Practices and Problems Of Linking Policy And Analytics To Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain and OECD data repositories: opportunities and policymaking implications

Sicilia

Visvizi

2019

LHT

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to employ the case of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) data repositories to examine the potential of blockchain technology in the context of addressing basic contemporary societal concerns, such as transparency, accountability and trust in the policymaking process. Current approaches to sharing data employ standardized metadata, in which the provider of the service is assumed to be a trusted party. However, derived data, analytic processes or links from policies, are in many cases not shared in the same form, thus breaking the provenance trace and making the repetition of analysis conducted in the past difficult. Similarly, it becomes tricky to test whether certain conditions justifying policies implemented still apply. A higher level of reuse would require a decentralized approach to sharing both data and analytic scripts and software. This could be supported by a combination of blockchain and decentralized file system technology. Design/methodology/approach The findings presented in this paper have been derived from an analysis of a case study, i.e., analytics using data made available by the OECD. The set of data the OECD provides is vast and is used broadly. The argument is structured as follows. First, current issues and topics shaping the debate on blockchain are outlined. Then, a redefinition of the main artifacts on which some simple or convoluted analytic results are based is revised for some concrete purposes. The requirements on provenance, trust and repeatability are discussed with regards to the architecture proposed, and a proof of concept using smart contracts is used for reasoning on relevant scenarios. Findings A combination of decentralized file systems and an open blockchain such as Ethereum supporting smart contracts can ascertain that the set of artifacts used for the analytics is shared. This enables the sequence underlying the successive stages of research and/or policymaking to be preserved. This suggests that, in turn, and ex post, it becomes possible to test whether evidence supporting certain findings and/or policy decisions still hold. Moreover, unlike traditional databases, blockchain technology makes it possible that immutable records can be stored. This means that the artifacts can be used for further exploitation or repetition of results. In practical terms, the use of blockchain technology creates the opportunity to enhance the evidence-based approach to policy design and policy recommendations that the OECD fosters. That is, it might enable the stakeholders not only to use the data available in the OECD repositories but also to assess corrections to a given policy strategy or modify its scope. Research limitations/implications Blockchains and related technologies are still maturing, and several questions related to their use and potential remain underexplored. Several issues require particular consideration in future research, including anonymity, scalability and stability of the data repository. This research took as example OECD data repositories, precisely to make the point that more research and more dialogue between the research and policymaking community is needed to embrace the challenges and opportunities blockchain technology generates. Several questions that this research prompts have not been addressed. For instance, the question of how the sharing economy concept for the specifics of the case could be employed in the context of blockchain has not been dealt with. Practical implications The practical implications of the research presented here can be summarized in two ways. On the one hand, by suggesting how a combination of decentralized file systems and an open blockchain, such as Ethereum supporting smart contracts, can ascertain that artifacts are shared, this paper paves the way toward a discussion on how to make this approach and solution reality. The approach and architecture proposed in this paper would provide a way to increase the scope of the reuse of statistical data and results and thus would improve the effectiveness of decision making as well as the transparency of the evidence supporting policy. Social implications Decentralizing analytic artifacts will add to existing open data practices an additional layer of benefits for different actors, including but not limited to policymakers, journalists, analysts and/or researchers without the need to establish centrally managed institutions. Moreover, due to the degree of decentralization and absence of a single-entry point, the vulnerability of data repositories to cyberthreats might be reduced. Simultaneously, by ensuring that artifacts derived from data based in those distributed depositories are made immutable therein, full reproducibility of conclusions concerning the data is possible. In the field of data-driven policymaking processes, it might allow policymakers to devise more accurate ways of addressing pressing issues and challenges. Originality/value This paper offers the first blueprint of a form of sharing that complements open data practices with the decentralized approach of blockchain and decentralized file systems. The case of OECD data repositories is used to highlight that while data storing is important, the real added value of blockchain technology rests in the possible change on how we use the data and data sets in the repositories. It would eventually enable a more transparent and actionable approach to linking policy up with the supporting evidence. From a different angle, throughout the paper the case is made that rather than simply data, artifacts from conducted analyses should be made persistent in a blockchain. What is at stake is the full reproducibility of conclusions based on a given set of data, coupled with the possibility of ex post testing the validity of the assumptions and evidence underlying those conclusions.

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The Use of Software Tools in Linked Data Publication and Consumption

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Methodologies for publishing linked open government data on the Web: A systematic mapping and a unified process model

Methodologies for publishing linked open government data on the Web: A systematic mapping and a unified process model

Survey of tools for Linked Data consumption

Blockchain and OECD data repositories: opportunities and policymaking implications

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