The Use of the Bootstrap Statistical Method for the Pharmacoeconomic Cost Analysis of Skewed Data

Desgagné, Alain; Castilloux, Anne-Marie; Angers, Jean‐François; LeLorier, Jacques

doi:10.2165/00019053-199813050-00002

Cited by 163 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The bootstrap method [3], however, assumes that the true distribution of data is their empirical distributions. Desgagne et al [2] report that "...the most reliable result is the P-value calculated with the bootstrap. "…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The economics of basiliximab (Simulect) in preventing acute rejection in renal transplantation

et al. 2002

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An economic evaluation was undertaken alongside a multicentre international trial of basiliximab. Resource usage within the trial was assessed, and the cost implications of using basiliximab evaluated. Recipients of a primary cadaveric kidney transplant were recruited into a double-blind trial and received either placebo (n = 186) or basiliximab (n = 190). Clinical outcomes and resource usage were monitored in the 12 months following transplantation. Local unit costs were obtained, and global analysis was undertaken using health sector purchasing-power parity rates. No statistically significant differences were found in the mean cost of treatment per patient. The mean cost of treatment was $47,940 for basiliximab patients and $46,280 for placebo patients, a mean difference of $1,660 (95% confidence interval Basiliximab produces clinical benefit in terms of preventing episodes of acute rejection, whilst the difference in the total resource usage and cost of treatment is not statistically significant .(CI): -$4,150, $7,360; P~0 . 5 8 ) .

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The economics of basiliximab (Simulect) in preventing acute rejection in renal transplantation

et al. 2002

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“…This included use of nonparametric bootstrap estimates to derive 95% CIs and mean cost differences between the treatment groups. 28,29 Using 1000 bias-corrected bootstrap replications, and based on sampling with replacement from the original data, we estimated the distribution of a sampling statistic to derive 95% CIs. 30 In sensitivity analyses, we used generalized linear models to compare total costs across groups.…”

Section: Analytic Approach For Costing Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

An Economic Evaluation of rt-PA Locking Solution in Dialysis Catheters

Manns

Scott-Douglas²,

Ravani

et al. 2014

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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In a recent randomized trial, weekly recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), 1 mg per lumen, once per week, and twice-weekly heparin as a locking solution (rt-PA/heparin) resulted in lower risks of hemodialysis catheter malfunction and catheter-related bacteremia compared with thrice-weekly heparin (heparin alone). We collected detailed costs within this trial to determine how choice of locking solution would affect overall health care costs, including the cost of locking solutions and all other relevant medical costs over the course of the 6-month trial. Nonparametric bootstrap estimates were used to derive 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and mean cost differences between the treatment groups. The cost of the locking solution was higher in patients receiving rt-PA/heparin, but this was partially offset by lower costs for managing complications. Overall, the difference in unadjusted mean cost for managing patients with rt-PA/heparin versus heparin alone was Can$323 (95% CI, 2$935 to $1581; P=0.62). When the costs were extrapolated over a 1-year time horizon using decision analysis, assuming ongoing rt-PA effectiveness, the overall costs of the strategies were similar. This finding was sensitive to plausible variation in the frequency and cost of managing patients with catheter-related bacteremia, and whether the benefit of rt-PA on catheter-related bacteremia was maintained in the long term. In summary, we noted no significant difference in the mean overall cost of an rt-PA/heparin strategy as a locking solution for catheters compared with thrice-weekly heparin. Cost savings due to a lower risk of hospitalization for catheter-related bacteremia partially offset the increased cost of rt-PA.

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“…Therefore it was necessary to develop the health states based on the best available evidence at the time on the type of symptoms that a patient with tonsillitis would experience before and after surgery. The information for the scenarios was gathered from the literature on tonsillitis [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] and in consultation with the clinicians on the project. As the utility study was being conducted alongside the main trial it was not possible to use the actual number of reductions in sore throats that was reported in the trial, as these data were not available at the time; therefore, we had to use the best available estimates from the literature at the time.…”

Section: Scenario Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…51 In the presence of skewness, the logarithmic transformation of data is not recommended, and the application of nonparametric tests can provide misleading results (economic studies aim to base the analysis on arithmetic means and not median values). 52,53 The non-parametric bootstrap test can be the most appropriate, 53 since it does not require any assumptions about the normality of data and equality of the variance or shape of the distributions. The t-test can be safely used if the sample size is not too small.…”

Section: Economic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of case note review methods for evaluating quality and safety in health care

Lock

Wilson²,

Steen³

et al. 2010

Health Technol Assess

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The Use of the Bootstrap Statistical Method for the Pharmacoeconomic Cost Analysis of Skewed Data

Cited by 163 publications

References 4 publications

The economics of basiliximab (Simulect) in preventing acute rejection in renal transplantation

The economics of basiliximab (Simulect) in preventing acute rejection in renal transplantation

An Economic Evaluation of rt-PA Locking Solution in Dialysis Catheters

Comparison of case note review methods for evaluating quality and safety in health care

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