The Ussing chamber system for measuring intestinal permeability in health and disease

Thomson, Amanda; Smart, Kathryn; Somerville, Michelle; Lauder, Sarah N.; Appanna, Gautham; Horwood, James; Raj, Lawrence Sunder; Srivastava, Brijesh; Durai, Dharmaraj; Scurr, Martin; Keita, Åsa V.; Gallimore, Awen; Godkin, Andrew

doi:10.1186/s12876-019-1002-4

Cited by 92 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Another drawback to using explants is the limited survival time, which is usually around 48 h. 94 The Ussing chamber is a popular apparatus for measuring barrier function in explants. 95 Other useful systems have been developed to allow coculture of intestinal explants with other cell types, such as hepatocytes, or to introduce luminal flow. 96,97 Although the complexity of intestinal explants makes them the most physiological of in vitro models, the inclusion of all of the cell types can make interpretation of experimental results challenging.…”

Section: Explantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In VitroModels of the Small Intestine: Engineering Challenges and Engineering Solutions

Hewes

Wilson

Estes

et al. 2020

Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews

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Pathologies affecting the small intestine contribute significantly to the disease burden of both the developing and the developed world, which has motivated investigation into the disease mechanisms through in vitro models. Although existing in vitro models recapitulate selected features of the intestine, various important aspects have often been isolated or omitted due to the anatomical and physiological complexity. The small intestine's intricate microanatomy, heterogeneous cell populations, steep oxygen gradients, microbiota, and intestinal wall contractions are often not included in in vitro experimental models of the small intestine, despite their importance in both intestinal biology and pathology. Known and unknown interdependencies between various physiological aspects necessitate more complex in vitro models. Microfluidic technology has made it possible to mimic the dynamic mechanical environment, signaling gradients, and other important aspects of small intestinal biology. This review presents an overview of the complexity of small intestinal anatomy and bioengineered models that recapitulate some of these physiological aspects. Keywords: gut-on-a-chip, microfluidic models of intestine, small intestine model, tissue engineered intestine Impact Statement There is a need for improved cell culture models of the small intestine. To develop such models, it is necessary to give engineers a better understanding of intestinal biology, and conversely, to give biologists an idea of what is possible with microfluidic devices and biomaterial platforms. This work provides a detailed overview of aspects of intestinal biology that are important for tissue engineers to understand when designing models of the small intestine and provides a summary of current approaches. This review highlights both unique and common features of various strategies for modeling the intestinal cell environment, not only using microfluidic chip-based systems but also several elegant designs that use a materials-based static culture approach.

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Section: Explantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In VitroModels of the Small Intestine: Engineering Challenges and Engineering Solutions

Hewes

Wilson

Estes

et al. 2020

Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews

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show abstract

“…The TER reflects the electrical resistance of the paracellular routes, mainly via the tight junctions. For more details on the Ussing chamber technique and how it can be set up, authors refer to [229,230].…”

Section: Assessment Of Intestinal Barrier Function Ex Vivo-the Ussingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be detected in fluorescence microscope for uptake studies, and by fluorimetry for passage studies (excitation wavelength 424 nm/emission wavelength 525 nm). Lucifer yellow has been used for studies of paracellular permeability in both in vitro [216,240] and in vivo [230,241] settings, and especially in studies of drug absorption.…”

Section: Lucifer Yellowmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intestinal Barrier and Current Techniques for the Assessment of Gut Permeability

Schoultz

Keita

2020

Cells

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316

222

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The intestinal barrier is essential in human health and constitutes the interface between the outside and the internal milieu of the body. A functional intestinal barrier allows absorption of nutrients and fluids but simultaneously prevents harmful substances like toxins and bacteria from crossing the intestinal epithelium and reaching the body. An altered intestinal permeability, a sign of a perturbed barrier function, has during the last decade been associated with several chronic conditions, including diseases originating in the gastrointestinal tract but also diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson disease. This has led to an intensified interest from researchers with diverse backgrounds to perform functional studies of the intestinal barrier in different conditions. Intestinal permeability is defined as the passage of a solute through a simple membrane and can be measured by recording the passage of permeability markers over the epithelium via the paracellular or the transcellular route. The methodological tools to investigate the gut barrier function are rapidly expanding and new methodological approaches are being developed. Here we outline and discuss, in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo techniques and how these methods can be utilized for thorough investigation of the intestinal barrier.

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“…Ex vivo models are models cultured outside of an organism and contain functional live tissues with complex cellular environments found in vivo. An example of an ex vivo model that is frequently used in probiotic research is the Ussing chamber [ 21 , 22 ]. This model, in which a small piece of live mammalian tissue or cultured cells can be mounted, is a powerful ex vivo tool for studying permeability or transport across a cell layer.…”

Section: Probiotic Strain Selection and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of High-Quality Multispecies Probiotic Formulations: From Bench to Market

Grumet¹,

Tromp

Stiegelbauer³

2020

Nutrients

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Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. To date, there is an increasing number of commercially available products containing probiotics on the market. Probiotics have been recommended by health care professionals for reasons ranging from their long-term immunomodulatory effects to proven benefits in the management of different health conditions. For probiotic products, there are several important aspects that determine the success rate of the development from bench to market. The aim of this review is to explore how the current knowledge on microbe–microbe and host–microbe interactions can be used to develop high-quality, evidence-based probiotic formulations, specifically probiotic dietary supplements, with a focus on the selection of safe strains with relevant functional properties. In addition, we will highlight aspects of the probiotic manufacturing process that need to be considered during the product development and the subsequent manufacturing process to guarantee consistent efficacy of a probiotic product. For each high-quality probiotic formulation, it is important to screen multiple strains, and select only those strains that show relevant functional properties and that can be considered safe for human consumption. In addition, it is imperative that attention is paid to the product development and manufacturing process, and that safety and quality properties are monitored. Importantly, the beneficial effects of probiotics should be evaluated in product efficacy studies and post-marketing surveys in order to demonstrate their clinical efficacy. All these aspects need to be evaluated and validated during the development of a successful high-quality and ready-to-market probiotic.

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The Ussing chamber system for measuring intestinal permeability in health and disease

Cited by 92 publications

References 35 publications

In VitroModels of the Small Intestine: Engineering Challenges and Engineering Solutions

In VitroModels of the Small Intestine: Engineering Challenges and Engineering Solutions

The Intestinal Barrier and Current Techniques for the Assessment of Gut Permeability

The Development of High-Quality Multispecies Probiotic Formulations: From Bench to Market

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