The Utility of the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change for HIV Risk Reduction in Injection Drug Users

Abstract

The spread of HIV among injection drug users (IDUs) is the second most common mode of transmission next to sexual contact. Although HIV infections can be prevented by changing high-risk behaviors such as needle sharing, these high-risk behaviors are highly complex. Initially developed for smoking cessation, Prochaska's Transtheoretical Model (TTM) is well-suited to the IDU population because it recognizes that chronic behavior patterns are usually under some combination of biological, social, and self-control. The objective of this article is to examine the utility of the TTM for promoting risk reduction behaviors among IDUs. This article will outline (a) the challenges of applying the TTM to IDU behaviors with respect to HIV prevention, (b) the four major components of the TTM as they relate to IDUs, (c) how risk reduction practitioners are currently using the TTM, and (d) current and future research using the TTM.

What Is The Process Of Consumers Behavioral Change? Some Insights In Spiral Model

“…The process of change in the attitude, intension and behavior of consumers get start in stages of chronological aspects as spiral model has described it (Patten et al, 2000;Prochaska et al, 1992;Rodgers, Courneya, & Bayduza, 2001), and may help in understanding the behavioral barriers and a great mean for program designers who engage in the transition from one stage to other. Several processes have mentioned in previous literature and have gain empirical support for cognitive and behavioral activities to get progress in modifying behavior (Patten et al, 2000;Prochaska et al, 1992;Prochaska & Velicer, 1997;Rodgers, Courneya, & Bayduza, 2001;Velicer et al, 1998).…”

“…Several processes have mentioned in previous literature and have gain empirical support for cognitive and behavioral activities to get progress in modifying behavior (Patten et al, 2000;Prochaska et al, 1992;Prochaska & Velicer, 1997;Rodgers, Courneya, & Bayduza, 2001;Velicer et al, 1998). Some processes consist of experimental stages while some processes highlight behavioral aspects.…”

“…Some processes consist of experimental stages while some processes highlight behavioral aspects. Prochaska, Redding and Evers (1997) In the consciousness raising stage consumers need to get increase in knowledge, awareness about negative consequences, and the reasons of problem in existing behavior (Patten et al, 2000;Prochaska et al, 1992;Prochaska & Velicer, 1997;Velicer et al, 1998). The awareness of problematic behavior can be increased by getting feedback, reading articles in relevant field, education, confrontation, interpretation and advertising campaign of companies, and concerned authorities (Prochaska et al, 1992;Prochaska & Velicer, 1997;Velicer et al, 1998).…”

“…The awareness of problematic behavior can be increased by getting feedback, reading articles in relevant field, education, confrontation, interpretation and advertising campaign of companies, and concerned authorities (Prochaska et al, 1992;Prochaska & Velicer, 1997;Velicer et al, 1998). While in the stage of dramatic relief, consumers are conscious to get http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.05.74 Corresponding Author: Fazal Ur Rehman Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the conference eISSN: 2357-1330 913 some experience of the relevant problem, expression of feeling, and emotions toward problematic behavior (Patten et al, 2000;Prochaska et al, 1992). For example, the death of someone can influence the perception of consumers toward problematic behavior (Patten et al, 2000).…”

“…While in the stage of dramatic relief, consumers are conscious to get http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.05.74 Corresponding Author: Fazal Ur Rehman Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of the conference eISSN: 2357-1330 913 some experience of the relevant problem, expression of feeling, and emotions toward problematic behavior (Patten et al, 2000;Prochaska et al, 1992). For example, the death of someone can influence the perception of consumers toward problematic behavior (Patten et al, 2000). In environmental re-evaluation stage, consumers assess the influence of problematic behavior of their social life and surrounding environment (Patten et al, 2000;Prochaska et al, 1992;Prochaska & Velicer, 1997;Velicer et al, 1998), while in selfre-evaluation stage consumers assess themselves with problematic and non-problematic behavior (Prochaska et al, 1992;Prochaska & Velicer, 1997;Velicer et al, 1998).…”