The Vaginal Microbiome: A Long Urogenital Colonization Throughout Woman Life

Auriemma, Renata S.; Scairati, Roberta; Vecchio, Guendalina del; Liccardi, Alessia; Verde, Nunzia; Pirchio, Rosa; Pivonello, Rosario; Ercolini, Danilo; Colao, Annamaria

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.686167

Cited by 62 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…A high rate of BV recurrence after 1 year has been observed, ranging from 50% to 100% depending on the antibiotic used and geographic locations, underscoring the need for additional treatments 1 , 23 , 30 . Other factors that could affect the vaginal microbiome and potentially the efficiency of BV treatment include age (before puberty or after menopause), pregnancy, sexual intercourse, and other diseases or medical conditions 31 , 32 .…”

Section: Advantages and Limitations Of Current Methods Used For Treat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The right bug in the right place: opportunities for bacterial vaginosis treatment

Hugerth

Schuppe-Koistinen

et al. 2022

npj Biofilms Microbiomes

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Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition in which the vaginal microbiome presents an overgrowth of obligate and facultative anaerobes, which disturbs the vaginal microbiome balance. BV is a common and recurring vaginal infection among women of reproductive age and is associated with adverse health outcomes and a decreased quality of life. The current recommended first-line treatment for BV is antibiotics, despite the high recurrence rate. Live biopharmaceutical products/probiotics and vaginal microbiome transplantation (VMT) have also been tested in clinical trials for BV. In this review, we discuss the advantages and challenges of current BV treatments and interventions. Furthermore, we provide our understanding of why current clinical trials with probiotics have had mixed results, which is mainly due to not administering the correct bacteria to the correct body site. Here, we propose a great opportunity for large clinical trials with probiotic strains isolated from the vaginal tract (e.g., Lactobacillus crispatus) and administered directly into the vagina after pretreatment.

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Section: Advantages and Limitations Of Current Methods Used For Treat...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The right bug in the right place: opportunities for bacterial vaginosis treatment

Hugerth

Schuppe-Koistinen

et al. 2022

npj Biofilms Microbiomes

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“…Other symptoms may include difficulty urinating and pain during sexual intercourse [ 29 ]. Data in the literature show that the incidence of this type of infection partially depends on the age of the woman, which also determines sexual maturity, hormonal activity, and the state of the vaginal microbiota [ 29 , 30 , 32 ]. The most common factors predisposing to VVC are pregnancy, the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the use of intrauterine devices, estrogen replacement therapy, immunosuppression, diabetes, or mechanical factors, e.g., the use of tight, synthetic underwear [ 31 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Vulvovaginal Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to ensuring proper vaginal pH, Lactobacillus bacteria, primarily Lactobacilluis crispatus , Lactobacillus gasseri , Lactobacillus jensenii , and Lactobacillus iners , produce a number of substances, such as hydrogen peroxide or bacteriocins, which inhibit the multiplication of other microorganisms. They also compete for nutrients and receptors on vaginal epithelial cells with other microorganisms [ 30 , 32 ]. In menopausal women, a drop in estrogen levels and vaginal atrophy occurs, leading to a decrease in glycogen levels in vaginal epithelial cells and a neutral pH [ 32 , 34 ].…”

Section: Vulvovaginal Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also compete for nutrients and receptors on vaginal epithelial cells with other microorganisms [ 30 , 32 ]. In menopausal women, a drop in estrogen levels and vaginal atrophy occurs, leading to a decrease in glycogen levels in vaginal epithelial cells and a neutral pH [ 32 , 34 ]. As Hoffmann points out, vulvovaginal candidiasis often occurs at lower pH values of vaginal secretions, which is the case for healthy women of childbearing age.…”

Section: Vulvovaginal Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virulence Factors of Candida spp. and Host Immune Response Important in the Pathogenesis of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Czechowicz¹,

Nowicka²,

Gościniak³

2022

IJMS

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Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most common types of vaginal infections in women around the world and is often underestimated by both patients and doctors. Research on the pathogenesis of fungal vaginal infections over the last 20 years has resulted in a closer understanding of the virulence factors involved in Candida epithelial invasion and their mechanisms of action. Recently, attention was drawn to the enormous complexity of the interaction between yeast-like fungi and host cells, as well as the level of complexity of the host’s response to infection and their impact on the course and treatment of VVC. Our work provides a broad description of already known and some new reports on Candida virulence factors (such as phenotypic switching or biofilm formation capacity) and their importance for tissue invasion in VVC. At the same time, we also focus on interactions with host cells and local innate immune mechanisms involved in the response to vaginal fungal invasion that are now considered equally important in this case. The presented review describes the most important aspects of the still unknown pathogenicity of Candida associated with vaginal infections.

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“…In addition, little is still known about epidemiological factors and lactobacilli colonization among women ( Vaneechoutte, 2017a ; Auriemma et al., 2021 ). Therefore, multiple chi-square analysis was also performed to evaluate possible correlations with each individual Lactobacillus species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clustering Analysis of the Multi-Microbial Consortium by Lactobacillus Species Against Vaginal Dysbiosis Among Ecuadorian Women

Pacha-Herrera

Erazo-Garcia

Cueva

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The vaginal microbiota plays vital protection in women. This probiotic activity is caused not only by individual Lactobacillus species but also by its multi-microbial interaction. However, the probiotic activity promoted by multi-microbial consortia is still unknown. The aim of this study was the individual and collective analysis on the prevalence of five vaginal lactobacilli (Lactobacillus iners, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus jensenii, and Lactobacillus acidophilus) among healthy women and women with bacterial vaginosis (BV) or aerobic vaginitis (AV). PCR assays were realized on 436 vaginal samples from a previous study. Chi-square, univariable, and multivariable logistic regression analyses with the Benjamini–Hochberg adjustment evaluated associations between these lactobacilli and vaginal microbiota. Multi-microbial clustering model was also realized through Ward’s Minimum Variance Clustering Method with Euclidean squared distance for hierarchical clustering to determine the probiotic relationship between lactobacilli and vaginal dysbiosis. Concerning the individual effect, L. acidophilus, L. jensenii, and L. crispatus showed the highest normalized importance values against vaginal dysbiosis (100%, 79.3%, and 74.8%, respectively). However, only L. acidophilus and L. jensenii exhibited statistical values (p = 0.035 and p = 0.050, respectively). L. acidophilus showed a significant prevalence on healthy microbiota against both dysbioses (BV, p = 0.041; and AV, p = 0.045). L. jensenii only demonstrated significant protection against AV (p = 0.012). Finally, our results evidenced a strong multi-microbial consortium by L. iners, L. jensenii, L. gasseri, and L. acidophilus against AV (p = 0.020) and BV (p = 0.009), lacking protection in the absence of L. gasseri and L. acidophilus.

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The Vaginal Microbiome: A Long Urogenital Colonization Throughout Woman Life

Cited by 62 publications

References 84 publications

The right bug in the right place: opportunities for bacterial vaginosis treatment

The right bug in the right place: opportunities for bacterial vaginosis treatment

Virulence Factors of Candida spp. and Host Immune Response Important in the Pathogenesis of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Clustering Analysis of the Multi-Microbial Consortium by Lactobacillus Species Against Vaginal Dysbiosis Among Ecuadorian Women

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