The validity of a computer-assisted simulation system for orthognathic surgery (CASSOS) for planning the surgical correction of class III skeletal deformities: single-jaw versus bimaxillary surgery

The virtual human face: Superimposing the simultaneously captured 3D photorealistic skin surface of the face on the untextured skin image of the CBCT scan

“…A pilot study by Jones et al 23 investigated the magnitude of change in a two-dimensional profile prediction that was required to be clinically significant and concluded that a 2mm change in the horizontal position on the maxillary and mandibular soft tissues was considered to be necessary before an expert or lay person could notice the change. Hence, it could be argued that the differences between both timings of image capture are too small to have an impact on the perceived clinical changes.…”

Immediate effects of rapid maxillary expansion on the naso-maxillary facial soft tissue using 3D stereophotogrammetry

“…23 The null hypothesis was that there is no difference in linear and angular measurements of the naso-labial soft tissue pre and post RME. The sample size was based on a clinically significant difference of 3mm in soft tissue change 25 with a standard deviation of 1.13mm (6) a power of 0.90, and alpha of 0.05. The calculated sample size was 14 subjects.…”

The Validity of 3dMD Vultus in Predicting Soft Tissue Morphology Following Orthognathic Surgery

“…The results however were no different from other studies, with significant differences still present in the upper and lower labial areas (Gerbo et al, 1997;Upton et al, 1997;Mobarak et al, 2001;Koh et al, 2004;Jones et al, 2007;Donatsky et al, 2009). Although it was found that the addition of a profile photo to assess the resultant soft tissue certainly improved the ability to assess the aesthetic result of the planned surgery (Carter et al, 1996).…”

“…Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to determine intra-rater agreement for each soft tissue prediction attempt. A onesample t-test was used to determine if in each anatomical region the mean absolute distance between the actual and predicted surface meshes were not significantly different from 3.0mm (Jones et al, 2007).…”

“…Jones et al (2007) demonstrated that a 3mm change in facial soft tissue profile is required before it is noticed by laypeople or a specialist panel.…”