The value of experience and age of workers in the diagnosis of chronic disease for the prevention of occupational health disorders
Abstract: The hygienic assessment of working conditions of workers of the main professions engaged in management of the mechanized vehicles at mining combine is given. The index of polymorbidity of chronic diseases was established. The experience and age at which workers are diagnosed with chronic General somatic disease for the first time are determined.
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Implementation of the provisions of the methodological platform standards for the assessment and management of occupational health risk for employees
Introduction. To substantiate and practical use of optimal management solutions to reduce risk levels, it is necessary to continue research on solving the main tasks of the scientific medical platform "Preventive Environment", aimed at creating technologies for early diagnosis of occupational and production-related diseases, an objective assessment of modern working conditions and the labor process, the development of biological monitoring system and risk management. The study aims to scientifically substantiate the model of interaction of individual elements of the working condition system and health of employees based on the risk level assessment of risk depending on the complex of harmful and/or dangerous factors of the production environment and the labor process in the main types of economic activity. Materials and methods. We have analyzed the results of a special assessment of working conditions at the workplaces of mining and coal industry enterprises, ferrous metallurgy plants and aluminum production. Experts have summarized the materials of occupational morbidity and its structure. To assess the risk of developing chronic general somatic diseases in workers the researchers have performed a cross-sectional epidemiological study. We have studied changes in biomarkers of exposure and effect in the conditions of professional exposure to mercury on the employee's body. Results. The analysis of modern working conditions of workers employed in mining (underground and open-pit mining), metallurgical enterprises (ferrous metallurgy plants, aluminum production), coal industry enterprises indicates that working conditions were and remain difficult and harmful, especially when performing underground mining operations. The assessment of occupational risk to the health of employees of mining and processing plants showed that the constant exposure to high levels of harmful factors - vibration, the severity of labor and the intensity of the labor process. This contributes to an increased risk of development and high spread of diseases of the circulatory system and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, as well as a significant increase in these indicators with an increase in work experience in harmful working conditions, which allows us to consider these diseases as production-related. Occupational morbidity at enterprises of the leading sectors of the economy decreased in 2020, most significantly at ferrous metallurgy plants. A comprehensive analysis of changes in biomarkers of exposure and effect in the conditions of professional exposure to mercury on the employee's body made it possible to identify groups at increased risk of developing health disorders. The analysis of a special assessment of working conditions, occupational and production-related morbidity of workers in certain sectors of the economy, as elements of the health risk assessment system, allowed us to develop Standards for enterprises in the mining and coal sectors of the economy, ensuring the preservation of workers' lives and health. Limitations. The studies have certain limitations, since they do not concern all sectors of the economy, but only the mining, coal industry, ferrous metallurgy plants and aluminum production. The period for which occupational morbidity was analyzed is 5 years (2016-2020). These limitations open the way for further research. Conclusion. The implementation of the developed provisions of the standards provides a risk-oriented approach in occupational health, being an important and necessary element of the formation of a preventive and preventive model of occupational risk management. Ethics. This study did not require the conclusion of the Ethics Committee.
Implementation of the provisions of the methodological platform standards for the assessment and management of occupational health risk for employees
Introduction. To substantiate and practical use of optimal management solutions to reduce risk levels, it is necessary to continue research on solving the main tasks of the scientific medical platform "Preventive Environment", aimed at creating technologies for early diagnosis of occupational and production-related diseases, an objective assessment of modern working conditions and the labor process, the development of biological monitoring system and risk management. The study aims to scientifically substantiate the model of interaction of individual elements of the working condition system and health of employees based on the risk level assessment of risk depending on the complex of harmful and/or dangerous factors of the production environment and the labor process in the main types of economic activity. Materials and methods. We have analyzed the results of a special assessment of working conditions at the workplaces of mining and coal industry enterprises, ferrous metallurgy plants and aluminum production. Experts have summarized the materials of occupational morbidity and its structure. To assess the risk of developing chronic general somatic diseases in workers the researchers have performed a cross-sectional epidemiological study. We have studied changes in biomarkers of exposure and effect in the conditions of professional exposure to mercury on the employee's body. Results. The analysis of modern working conditions of workers employed in mining (underground and open-pit mining), metallurgical enterprises (ferrous metallurgy plants, aluminum production), coal industry enterprises indicates that working conditions were and remain difficult and harmful, especially when performing underground mining operations. The assessment of occupational risk to the health of employees of mining and processing plants showed that the constant exposure to high levels of harmful factors - vibration, the severity of labor and the intensity of the labor process. This contributes to an increased risk of development and high spread of diseases of the circulatory system and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, as well as a significant increase in these indicators with an increase in work experience in harmful working conditions, which allows us to consider these diseases as production-related. Occupational morbidity at enterprises of the leading sectors of the economy decreased in 2020, most significantly at ferrous metallurgy plants. A comprehensive analysis of changes in biomarkers of exposure and effect in the conditions of professional exposure to mercury on the employee's body made it possible to identify groups at increased risk of developing health disorders. The analysis of a special assessment of working conditions, occupational and production-related morbidity of workers in certain sectors of the economy, as elements of the health risk assessment system, allowed us to develop Standards for enterprises in the mining and coal sectors of the economy, ensuring the preservation of workers' lives and health. Limitations. The studies have certain limitations, since they do not concern all sectors of the economy, but only the mining, coal industry, ferrous metallurgy plants and aluminum production. The period for which occupational morbidity was analyzed is 5 years (2016-2020). These limitations open the way for further research. Conclusion. The implementation of the developed provisions of the standards provides a risk-oriented approach in occupational health, being an important and necessary element of the formation of a preventive and preventive model of occupational risk management. Ethics. This study did not require the conclusion of the Ethics Committee.
Working conditions, occupational morbidity, risks of violation health of drivers of mining machines in quarries
Introduction. Recent studies have shown that working conditions at mining enterprises remain harmful and dangerous. We characterize the working conditions by a set of factors of the production environment that affect the functional state of the body of workers and their working capacity. It depends on the equipment used, technologies, objects, products of labor. They are specific to each enterprise. In these conditions, the definition of occupational risks of violation of the health of miners becomes particularly relevant. The study aims to assess the current working conditions, the state of professional performance, to determine the risks of health disorders of the drivers of mining machines at ore quarries. Materials and methods. The researchers have conducted hygienic studies to assess production factors at ore quarries. We have presented an analysis of materials for a special assessment of working conditions at workplaces for ore quarries belonging to the Mining and Metallurgical Trade Union of Russia. Experts have summarized materials on occupational morbidity of employees over the past five years. The researchers have performed a cross-sectional epidemiological study to assess the risk of developing chronic general somatic diseases in mining machine drivers. Results. The article provides a hygienic assessment of working conditions in modern quarries, shows the complex impact on workers of the dust and gas factor, noise and vibration, microclimate. The authors present classes of working conditions for employees of the main professions, the results of a special assessment of working conditions. We have given an analysis of occupational morbidity in the quarries included in the GMPR and GOK “Lebedinsky” over the past five years. Researchers have found that diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, as well as diseases of the circulatory system are production-related in workers engaged in open-pit mining. Conclusion. In the conditions of using high-performance mining equipment for open-pit mining of ores, a complex of production factors affects workers of leading professions. The authors give a general assessment of the working conditions at the workplaces of these professions: this is a harmful third class with varying degrees of harmfulness. The current set of production factors determines the level of occupational morbidity, which has been trending downward in recent years. The leading place belongs to vibration sickness, it is closely related to the increased values of the maximum permissible levels and the equivalent adjusted level of vibration velocity at the workplaces of drilling rig drivers, excavators and drivers of heavy-duty dump trucks. The high prevalence and risk of developing chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue and diseases of the circulatory system, as well as a significant increase in indicators with an increase in work experience in harmful working conditions, allow us to speak about the production conditionality of these diseases in workers engaged in open-pit mining. Ethics. This study did not require the conclusion of the Ethics committee.
Development of a set of priority measures for the integration of tools for assessing working conditions for the formation of occupational risk levels
Introduction. The increase in life expectancy, a decrease in mortality rates of the working-age population requires the development of a set of priority measures and justification of their effectiveness in the occupational risk management system based on the transition to a personalized assessment of working conditions and the health status of employees. The study aims to develop a set of priority measures to integrate tools for assessing working conditions and to justify their effectiveness in the occupational risk management system to determine the levels and groups of occupational risks in the workplace, depending on the complex of harmful and/or dangerous factors of the production environment and the labor process and the health status of employees. Materials and methods. The researchers have conducted the analysis of qualitative and quantitative indicators of occupational risk, including indicators of health disorders of employees. We have analyzed the materials of periodic medical examinations to substantiate the algorithm for the formation of risk groups for the development of occupational diseases. Scientists have performed a cross-epidemiological study to assess the risk of developing chronic general somatic diseases in workers. We have calculated the indicators of the total risk of fatal cardiovascular diseases. Experts have studied the features of the current situation with indicators of occupational morbidity in the Russian Federation. Results. There are two groups of qualitative and quantitative indicators at the level of state supervision and enterprise, which allow assessing the effectiveness of the risk management system. Scientists have identified qualitative and quantitative indicators for early detection of violations in the employee's body from the effects of production factors. We have substantiated the algorithm and criteria for the formation of risk groups for the development of occupational diseases. Assessment of the risk of developing general somatic diseases in workers with constant exposure to high levels of harmful factors: vibration, severity and labor intensity, showed a high prevalence and increased risk of diseases of the endocrine, musculoskeletal and circulatory systems, as well as a significant increase in these indicators with an increase in work experience in harmful working conditions, which allows us to consider these diseases as production-related diseases. Individuals with endocrine diseases are significantly more likely to have a very high, high and medium overall risk of developing fatal cardiovascular diseases (CVD). With an increase in work experience, the percentage of people at high risk of developing fatal CVD increased. The level of occupational morbidity calculated for the number of employees employed in harmful working conditions is 32% higher than the indicator calculated for all employees of the enterprise. A similar recalculation of occupational morbidity indicators for individual nosologies also completely changes the picture. Conclusion. We have substantiated the necessity of transition to a personalized assessment of occupational risk among employees. Researchers have developed proposals for adjusting legislation in order to integrate tools for assessing working conditions and improving the effectiveness of the occupational risk management system. Ethics. This study did not require the conclusion of the Ethics committee.
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