The variability of the onset of spring in Britain

Davis, N. E.

doi:10.1002/qj.49709841805

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…GSL This is defined a number of ways in the literature, but in general, the GSL is based on the onset of spring and fall. If the focus is on vegetation growth rather than resilience, higher temperature thresholds of 10°C and 6.1°C were considered for the onset of spring and the end of autumn (Christidis et al 2007) based on Davis (1972). The number of days between the LSF and the FFF of the same year was used to determine GSL.…”

Section: Fffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term spatial and temporal trends in frost indices in Kansas, USA

et al. 2013

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Frost indices such as number of frost days (nFDs), number of frost-free days (nFFDs), last spring freeze (LSF), first fall freeze (FFF), and growing-season length (GSL) were calculated using daily minimum air temperature (T min ) from 23 centennial weather stations across Kansas during four time periods (through 1919, 1920-1949, 1950-1979, and 1980-2009). A frost day is defined as a day with T min <0°C. The long-and short-term trends in frost indices were analyzed at monthly, seasonal, and annual timescales. Probability of occurrence of the indices was analyzed at 5 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 95 %. Results indicated a general increase in T min from 1900 through 2009 causing a decrease in nFDs. LSF and FFF occurred earlier and later than normal in the year, respectively, thereby resulting in an increase in GSL. In general, northwest Kansas recorded the greatest nFD and lowest T min , whereas southeast Kansas had the lowest nFD and highest T min ; however, the magnitude of the trends in these indices varied with location, time period, and time scales. Based on the long-term records in most stations, LSF occurred earlier by 0.1-1.9 days/decade, FFF occurred later by 0.2-0.9 day/decade, and GSL was longer by 0. 1-Climatic Change (2013) 120:169-181

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Section: Fffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term spatial and temporal trends in frost indices in Kansas, USA

et al. 2013

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“…If the focus is on vegetation growth rather than resilience, higher temperature thresholds need to be considered. For this purpose, Davis (1972) defined the onset of spring and the end of autumn using temperatures of 10°and 6.1°C, respectively. In an attempt to provide a common benchmark to investigators, Frich et al (2002) selected the 5°C threshold to standardize the definition of the growing season, while they also included a frost-related index based on the 0°C threshold in their list of indicators of climatic extremes.…”

Section: Index Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Contribution to the Lengthening of the Growing Season during 1950–99

et al. 2007

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Increasing surface temperatures are expected to result in longer growing seasons. An optimal detection analysis is carried out to assess the significance of increases in the growing season length during 1950-99, and to measure the anthropogenic component of the change. The signal is found to be detectable, both on global and continental scales, and human influence needs to be accounted for if it is to be fully explained. The change in the growing season length is found to be asymmetric and largely due to the earlier onset of spring, rather than the later ending of autumn. The growing season length, based on exceedence of local temperature thresholds, has a rate of increase of about 1.5 days decade Ϫ1 over the observation area. Local variations also allow for negative trends in parts of North America. The analysis suggests that the signal can be attributed to the anthropogenic forcings that have acted on the climate system and no other forcings are necessary to describe the change. Model projections predict that under future climate change the later ending of autumn will also contribute significantly to the lengthening of the growing season, which will increase in the twenty-first century by more than a month. Such major changes in seasonality will affect physical and biological systems in several ways, leading to important environmental and socioeconomic consequences and adaptation challenges.

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“…The phenological method is useful for specific purposes, such as identifying the growing season of plants and defining seasons according to the date of germination and flowering of plants (Qian et al, 2011). When defining seasons using climate elements, temperatures are often used in the mid‐latitude (Allen & Sheridan, 2016; Davis, 1972; Dong et al, 2010; Kutta & Hubbart, 2016; Park et al, 2018; Peña‐Ortiz et al, 2015; Ruosteenoja et al, 2020; Trenberth, 1983). The use of temperature has the advantage that long‐term observational data that have been accumulated, may be well‐correlated with phenological events, and can be easily quantified (Jaagus et al, 2003; Palus et al, 2005; Thomson, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of synoptic patterns to the definition of seasons in the Republic of Korea

Kwon,

Choi

2023

Intl Journal of Climatology

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In this study, we applied the classification of synoptic patterns to define seasons. Principal component analysis (PCA) and k‐means clustering were employed to classify the synoptic patterns. In this analysis, seven synoptic patterns were classified, corresponding to two patterns exhibiting winter, spring, and autumn‐like patterns each and one representing summer‐like patterns. The climate characteristics of each synoptic pattern for summer, spring, and autumn were clearly different from each other. The two winter patterns were considered as one season. Seasons were defined based on the occurrence frequency of each synoptic pattern, using the 11‐day window size. Accordingly, the year was divided into first spring, second spring, summer, first autumn, second autumn, and winter. The onset dates of the corresponding seasons were March 8, April 15, June 6, September 8, October 23, and November 29, respectively. In the changing trend of the seasons calculated by year, the start date of first spring was earlier by approximately 2.0 days per decade, and second autumn was delayed by 1.7 days per decade. In addition, the length of first autumn increased by 2.9 days per decade, whereas the length of winter decreased by 3.3 days per decade. In this study, a new method that had not previously been applied in Korea was used to define seasons by considering various climate variables. Compared to previous studies, the seasonal definition method used in this study is objective and reflects comprehensive climate characteristics by considering diverse variables. Furthermore, the proposed methodology for defining the seasons for each year is applicable to the study of changes in seasonal onsets.

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The variability of the onset of spring in Britain

Cited by 19 publications

References 2 publications

Long-term spatial and temporal trends in frost indices in Kansas, USA

Long-term spatial and temporal trends in frost indices in Kansas, USA

Human Contribution to the Lengthening of the Growing Season during 1950–99

Application of synoptic patterns to the definition of seasons in the Republic of Korea

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