The variability of vertical structure of precipitation in Huaihe River Basin of China: Implications from long-term spaceborne observations with TRMM precipitation radar

Cao, Qing; Qi, Yujie

doi:10.1002/2013wr014555

Cited by 38 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Figure 11 shows the composite precipitation profiles and the interquartile range. The weak growth trends in both Z e and RR below bright bands toward the surface in the developing and mature stages were similar to those over wet regions reported elsewhere (e.g., Cao & Qi, 2014;Geerts & Dejene, 2005;Liu & Zipser, 2013). The rain rates in the mature stage were slightly higher than those in the developing and dissipating stages, consistent with their Z e values.…”

Section: Reflectivity and Precipitation Ratesupporting

confidence: 87%

Vertical Structures of Typical Meiyu Precipitation Events Retrieved From GPM‐DPR

et al. 2020

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This work for the first time analyzed the vertical structures of the different stages of Meiyu precipitation systems over the Yangtze-Huai River Valley in central China using measurements and retrievals from the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (GPM-DPR) and Feng Yun satellites. GPM-DPR-retrieved near-surface rain and drop size distributions were first validated against the surface disdrometer measurements and showed good agreement. Then we analyzed three cases from the Integrative Monsoon Frontal Rainfall Experiment to demonstrate the different characteristics of convective precipitation and stratiform precipitation (SP) in the developing, mature, and dissipating stages of the Meiyu precipitation systems, respectively. For statistical analysis, all Meiyu cases during the period 2016-2018 detected by GPM-DPR were collected and classified into different types and stages.In the stratiform regions of Meiyu precipitation systems, coalescence slightly overwhelms breakup and/or evaporation processes, but it was dominant in the convective regions when raindrops fall. There were large numbers of large ice particles during the developing stage due to strong updrafts and abundant moisture, whereas there were both large ice and liquid particles in the mature stage. The vertical structures of the SP examined in this study were similar to those over the ocean regions due to high relative humidity but different to the mountainous west regions of the USA. The findings of the stage-dependent SP vertical structures provide better understanding of the evolution of monsoon frontal precipitation, as well as the associated microphysical properties, and provide insights to improve microphysical parameterization in future models.

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Section: Reflectivity and Precipitation Ratesupporting

confidence: 87%

Vertical Structures of Typical Meiyu Precipitation Events Retrieved From GPM‐DPR

et al. 2020

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“…There have been numerous reports of spatiotemporal variation in the precipitation vertical profile over Asia or larger areas [15][16][17][18][19]. For a smaller climatic region, there have also been some studies completed in Africa [20], India [21], and the Huaihe River Basin in China [22]. However, comprehensive analysis of the statistical properties of precipitation vertical profile over the IMC has not yet been found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Diurnal Variations of Vertical Profile of Precipitation over Indonesian Maritime Continent

Marzuki¹,

Hashiguchi²,

Vonnisa³

et al. 2018

Engineering and Mathematical Topics in Rainfall

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This chapter presents variabilities in the vertical structure of precipitation over the Indonesian maritime continent (IMC), which were inferred from the gradients of the radar reflectivity (dBZ) below the freezing level and were gathered from the latest 2A25 TRMM-Precipitation Radar product over a 17-year time span (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014). In general, the downward increasing (DI) pattern of dBZ toward the surface is more dominant than the downward decreasing (DD) pattern, which has a ratio of 1.3. The DI is frequently observed over the ocean, and the higher prevailing rain top heights over land are associated with DD, in most cases. Shallow convective rains have the largest ratio of DI to DD (>4), followed by deep convective rains. The largest ratio is observed during DecemberJanuary-February (DJF) when wetter conditions are dominant over the IMC, which is a favorable condition for raindrop growth. The stratiform rains show a dominant DD in which the ratio of DD to DI is greater than 1.6 for each season. The spatial distribution of the stratiform gradient is more complex than that of convective rain and does not show a robust land-ocean contrast. The diurnal variation in the reflectivity gradient for stratiform rain is less pronounced. With convective rain, DD is more dominant in the afternoon and evening over a large island, indicates a decrease in the raindrop concentration due to the evaporation and updraft associated with the intense convection.

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“…The hydrometeors increase in mass most efficiently through collision and aggregation while falling from the top (G. Liu & Fu, ). Thus, SH is correlated with the rainfall rate at the surface (Cao & Qi, ; Chen et al, ; Fu et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean profiles show three distinct gradients of rain rate against decreasing altitude (G. Liu & Fu, ). The three distinct gradients indicate the predominant microphysical processes by which precipitating hydrometeors either grow or evaporate at different layers (Cao & Qi, ; R. Li & Min, ). The mean profile can be divided into three layers according to the gradients: (1) A mild increase layer from the top to 6‐km altitude.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dynamically, the vertical development of the rainfall system is mainly controlled by the intensity of updraft (Jensen & Del Genio, ; May & Ballinger, ; Nasuno & Satoh, , ). Microphysically, the slopes of the vertical precipitation profile are determined by the dominant microphysical processes at various altitudes (Cao & Qi, ; R. Li et al, ). Therefore, a more in‐depth comprehension of rainfall vertical structure is important for understanding cloud dynamics and microphysics (R. Li & Min, ; G. Liu & Fu, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Impacts of Sahara Dust Aerosol on Rainfall Vertical Structure Over the Atlantic Ocean as Identified From EOF Analysis

Dong

Wang

et al. 2018

JGR Atmospheres

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The current study investigates the potential impacts of Sahara dust on rainfall vertical structure over the Atlantic Ocean by employing multisensor satellite observations. The variabilities in rainfall vertical structure are decomposed by empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. For a given near surface rain rate, the mean storm height of stratiform rain under dust‐laden condition is significantly higher than that under the dust‐free condition. The stratiform rain rate at the layers well above the freezing level is substantially enhanced under dust‐laden condition. Those changes may result from dynamic and thermodynamic effect of Sahara Air Layer effect and/or the effect that dust aerosol acting as additional ice nuclei. For convective rain, there is no significant difference in the leading three normalized EOF modes between the dust‐laden and dust‐free sectors, implying that dust effect, if exists, is not strong enough to cause evident changes in convective rainfall profiles. For stratiform rain, the EOF1 shows no signals of dust effect either. However, significant difference is found in the EOF2 and EOF3 modes between dust‐laden and dust‐free conditions. The normalized EOF2 and EOF3 under dust‐laden condition both represent enhanced rain rate at the upper layer well above the freezing level, where heterogeneous ice nucleation prevails. The statistical study shows consistent results with the case study, except that the aerosol‐related changes in stratiform rainfall vertical structure is isolated in the EOF3 only. This study suggests that EOF analysis is a promising way for isolating the potential and relatively weak aerosol effects on precipitation from the strong dynamic effects.

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The variability of vertical structure of precipitation in Huaihe River Basin of China: Implications from long-term spaceborne observations with TRMM precipitation radar

Cited by 38 publications

References 63 publications

Vertical Structures of Typical Meiyu Precipitation Events Retrieved From GPM‐DPR

Vertical Structures of Typical Meiyu Precipitation Events Retrieved From GPM‐DPR

Seasonal and Diurnal Variations of Vertical Profile of Precipitation over Indonesian Maritime Continent

Potential Impacts of Sahara Dust Aerosol on Rainfall Vertical Structure Over the Atlantic Ocean as Identified From EOF Analysis

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