2016
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1586143
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The Varicocele: Clinical Presentation, Evaluation, and Surgical Management

Abstract: A varicocele is an abnormal dilatation and tortuosity of the veins of the spermatic cord. Although varicoceles are common in the general population and are frequently found on routine physical examinations, they represent the most common correctable cause of male factor infertility. Varicoceles are also often incidental findings on imaging studies, particularly scrotal ultrasound. Importantly, not all varicoceles should be treated equally (or at all), and basic guidelines on the evaluation and indications for … Show more

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Cited by 51 publications
(34 citation statements)
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“…Although the precise mechanism through which varicoceles can affect spermatogenesis remains elusive [ 1 ], it is thought that if reflux is eliminated, the negative effect on spermatogenesis could reverse [ 85 ]. This is at the basis of therapeutic strategies for varicocele correction, whose goal is to improve sperm characteristics by removing retrograde flow within the internal spermatic veins [ 39 , 86 88 ].…”
Section: Systematic Review To Address Questionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although the precise mechanism through which varicoceles can affect spermatogenesis remains elusive [ 1 ], it is thought that if reflux is eliminated, the negative effect on spermatogenesis could reverse [ 85 ]. This is at the basis of therapeutic strategies for varicocele correction, whose goal is to improve sperm characteristics by removing retrograde flow within the internal spermatic veins [ 39 , 86 88 ].…”
Section: Systematic Review To Address Questionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Obeziteye, önceden geçirilmiş skrotal cerrahiye, yüksek yerleşimli testise, küçük skrotuma veya kalın skrotum cildine bağlı fizik muayene yeterli değilse, skrotal US düşünülmelidir. [11,12,45] Skrotal Doppler US ile testis volümü ölçümü, dilate venlerin çapı ve reflünün varlığı ve derecesi saptanır. [45,46] Varikoselin US ile tanısı için venöz dilatasyon ve reflü durumu açısından hala standart bir kriter olmadığı belirtilmektedir.…”
Section: Ultrasonografi (Us)unclassified
“…[11,12,45] Skrotal Doppler US ile testis volümü ölçümü, dilate venlerin çapı ve reflünün varlığı ve derecesi saptanır. [45,46] Varikoselin US ile tanısı için venöz dilatasyon ve reflü durumu açısından hala standart bir kriter olmadığı belirtilmektedir. [2] Klinik ve subklinik varikoseli olan 217 hastalık bir çalışmada istirahatte >2,45 mm ven çapının varikosel tanısı için duyarlılığı %84, özgüllüğü %81 bulunmuştur.…”
Section: Ultrasonografi (Us)unclassified
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“…Moreover, varicoceles are found in approximately 35% of men with primary infertility and up to 81% of men with secondary infertility. 1 Although it is mostly asymptomatic, surgical intervention should be offered when varicocele is associated with scrotal pain, testicular atrophy, and in some cases of infertility. 2 The most common performed operation related to male infertility is varicocelectomy.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%