The Vectorcardiogram in Atrial Septal Defect

Electrocardiogram and Vectorcardiogram of Ostium Secundum and Ostium Primum

“…(Irishman's group (29), also concluded from the electro-und vectorcardiographic study of 30 cases, that the rSR'-Vl pattern does not necessarily indicate a conduction defect and should not be considered as "in complete right bundle branch block". This opinion is supported by the studies of Neil Hamer (13) and by other recent work of American cardiologists ((>, 7,23,24).…”

The Electrocardiogram and the Frontal Vectorcardiogram in Ostium Secundum Defect and Endocardial Cushion Defect

“…The findings of Toscano-Barbosa have been confirmed by 'a few other authors (2,3,5,9,15). I n several of these publications, however, there has been inadequate checking of the diagnosis by autopsy or operation, even when all cases are registered as "proved".…”

Vector Cardiogram and Anatomy of Atrial Septal Defect

“…Previous authors (Silverblatt, Rosenfeld, Grishman, and Donoso, 1957;Hamer, 1958;Toscano-Barbosa, Brandenburg, and Burchell, 1956;Liebman and Nadas, 1960;Pileggi, Boccalandro, Ebaid, Malleta, Tranchesi, Macruz, and Decourt, 1961) have shown that the projection of the vector loop in the frontal plane has an upward counter-clockwise course in ventral atrial septal defect, whereas it has a downward clockwise course in the dorsal type.…”