The Ventricular Septal Defect

Altshuler, Geoffry

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1970.02100050409005

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…I t is interesting th a t the m ost striking association, an increase in h ypothenar p attern s, occurs in pulm onic and aortic stenosis and tra n s position of the great vessels, all of which m ay result from errors of ro tation [2]. In the tetralogy of F allot group the increase was not quite statistically significant, and fu rth er data are needed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dermatoglyphics in Congenital Heart Malformations

Preus¹,

Fraser²,

Lévy³

1970

Hum Hered

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Dermatoglyphic patterns were analyzed in 141 patients with congenital heart malformations not associated with a major non-cardiac malformation, and 100 control children. The results were compared and, where possible, combined with those of other series. In the combined series, the aortic stenosis group had an increase in whorls and arches, and a decrease in ulnar loops. Patent ductus arteriosus cases showed a decrease in whorls and an increase in arches. The pulmonic stenosis group had an increase in arches. However these differences are so small that they are not diagnostically useful, and may represent nothing more than inadequate matching with controls. There were no significant differences in finger patterns in cases with tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great vessels, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect and coarctation of the aorta. There was no significant difference in frequency of bilateral simian crease in congenital heart disease. A probable increase in height of the axial palmar triradius was found in cases of tetralogy of Fallot, and there was a highly significant increase in hypothenar patterns in cases of pulmonic stenosis, aortic stenosis and transposition of the great vessels.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dermatoglyphics in Congenital Heart Malformations

Preus¹,

Fraser²,

Lévy³

1970

Hum Hered

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“…, 6 A similar antero-cephalad deviation of the muscular outlet septum, however, is also to be found in the so-called Eisenmenger malformation, but in the absence of subpulmonary infundibular narrowing 14 . In this regard, some authors 7 , 15 , 16 studying patients with the Eisenmenger malformation, who subsequently developed hypertrophic obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract and cyanosis, were inclined to hypothesise that the Eisenmenger malformation might, in certain circumstances, undergo transformation into tetralogy of Fallot. The findings of our present study do not support this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlating the morphological features of tetralogy of Fallot and the Eisenmenger malformation

et al. 2016

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We studied a series of 43 autopsied cases of tetralogy of Fallot, assessing the mode of insertion of the outlet septum relative to the limbs of the septomarginal trabeculation, and compared the findings in retrospective fashion with our previous observations of a group of hearts with the so-called Eisenmenger malformation. In the majority of hearts with tetralogy of Fallot, the outlet septum inserted frontally relative to the septomarginal trabeculation, but in a minority of cases the outlet septum inserted in lateral fashion, as had been observed in all our hearts studied with the Eisenmenger malformation. The different modes of insertion were found to correlate, first, with the axis of anatomical aortic rightward rotation, coincident with the commissure between the right coronary and the left coronary leaflets of the aortic valve. The different modes of insertion of the outlet septum also correlated with the level of attachment of the arterial valvar leaflets on its subpulmonary and subaortic surfaces; concomitantly, correlation was found between the length of the subpulmonary infundibulum and the length of the muscular outlet septum itself. In the majority of hearts showing tetralogy of Fallot, the elongated infundibulum was also uniformly narrow, but in a minority the infundibulum was well expanded, obstructed only at its mouth, but widening at the valvar level. In all the hearts with the Eisenmenger malformation, in contrast, the unobstructed infundibulum was well expanded. The morphological findings of the present study show unequivocally that tetralogy of Fallot and Eisenmenger malformation are two phenotypically different congenital cardiac anomalies.

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The Eisenmenger malformation: a morphologic study

et al. 2015

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We studied 11 autopsied cases of the Eisenmenger malformation, comparing the findings with 11 hearts with intact ventricular septal structures, and nine hearts having perimembranous ventricular septal defects in the absence of aortic overriding. We found variable lengths for the subpulmonary infundibulum in the hearts with Eisenmenger defects. It was well developed in three hearts, of intermediate length in seven, and very short in one of the specimens. The muscular outlet septum was also of variable length compared with the free-standing subpulmonary infundibular sleeve. Except for one, all hearts had fibrous continuity between the aortic and tricuspid valvar leaflets, such that the ventricular septal defect was then perimembranous. In the remaining case, there was a completely subaortic muscular infundibulum, with the ventricular septal defect showing only muscular borders. The medial papillary muscle was absent in the majority of cases, but was well formed in three hearts, all with relatively short muscular outlet septums. We identified mild, intermediate, and severe degrees of rightward rotation of the aortic valve, and these findings correlated with the extent of aortic valvar overriding. In nine of the 11 hearts, the ventriculo-arterial connections were concordant, but there was double-outlet from the right ventricle in the other two specimens. Based on our anatomic and morphometric observations, we conclude that the hearts we have defined as having Eisenmenger defects show marked individual variation in their specific phenotypic anatomy.

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The Ventricular Septal Defect

Abstract: A study of ventricular septal defects (VSD) is made in relation to anomalies of the conotruncus and aortic arch. One

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Dermatoglyphics in Congenital Heart Malformations

Dermatoglyphics in Congenital Heart Malformations

Correlating the morphological features of tetralogy of Fallot and the Eisenmenger malformation

The Eisenmenger malformation: a morphologic study

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