The viewing angle in AGN SED models: a data-driven analysis

Padilla, Andrés Felipe Ramos; Wang, Lingyu; Małek, K.; Efstathiou, A.; Yang, Guang

doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3486

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…For example, it allows modeling of the X-ray photometry and has state-of-the-art AGN templates (Yang et al 2020(Yang et al , 2022. Previous literature has explored the best fitting strategies and justified its reliability for modeling AGN SEDs; see, e.g., Ciesla et al (2015), Buat et al (2021), Mountrichas et al (2021b), Ramos Padilla et al (2022). Third, dedicated studies of using CIGALE to fit BQ galaxies are also available; see, e.g., Boselli et al (2016), Aufort et al (2020), Ciesla et al (2021).…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Buat et al (2021) further showed that the SMC extinction law is largely optimal for polar dust and can return reliable results even if the real polar extinction curve is different from the SMC law. The viewing angle is set to include at least one face-on (type 1 AGN) and one edge-on (type 2 AGN) system, and Ramos Padilla et al (2022) showed that the SED-fitting results are insensitive to the choice of viewing angles as long as both type 1 and type 2 representatives are included.…”

Section: Sed Fitting To Select Agn Candidatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…more advanced AGN templates that have been extensively explored (e.g., Yang et al 2020Yang et al , 2022Buat et al 2021;Mountrichas et al 2021aMountrichas et al , 2021bRamos Padilla et al 2022) and can directly utilize the X-ray data. Therefore, the comparisons with Prospector-α results and Guo et al…”

Section: Comparison With Other M å and Sfr Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Spectral Energy Distributions in Three Deep-drilling Fields of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time: Source Classification and Galaxy Properties

Zou

Brandt

Chen

et al. 2022

ApJS

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W-CDF-S, ELAIS-S1, and XMM-LSS will be three Deep-Drilling Fields (DDFs) of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), but their extensive multiwavelength data have not been fully utilized as done in the COSMOS field, another LSST DDF. To prepare for future science, we fit source spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from X-ray to far-infrared in these three fields mainly to derive galaxy stellar masses and star formation rates. We use CIGALE v2022.0, a code that has been regularly developed and evaluated, for the SED fitting. Our catalog includes 0.8 million sources covering 4.9 deg2 in W-CDF-S, 0.8 million sources covering 3.4 deg2 in ELAIS-S1, and 1.2 million sources covering 4.9 deg2 in XMM-LSS. Besides fitting normal galaxies, we also select candidates that may host active galactic nuclei (AGNs) or are experiencing recent star formation variations and use models specifically designed for these sources to fit their SEDs; this increases the utility of our catalog for various projects in the future. We calibrate our measurements by comparison with those in well-studied smaller regions and briefly discuss the implications of our results. We also perform detailed tests of the completeness and purity of SED-selected AGNs. Our data can be retrieved from a public website.

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sed Fitting To Select Agn Candidatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectral Energy Distributions in Three Deep-drilling Fields of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time: Source Classification and Galaxy Properties

Zou

Brandt

Chen

et al. 2022

ApJS

Self Cite

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“…Our choice of considering only a few viewing angles close to the average values for Type I and II AGNs is justified by previous studies, which found that different viewing angles were largely degenerate with the average values of 30 o and 70 o for Type I and II AGNs, respectively (e.g. Mountrichas et al 2021 ;Ramos Padilla et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Stellar Mass Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dwarf AGNs from Optical Variability for the Origins of Seeds (DAVOS): insights from the dark energy survey deep fields

Burke

Liu

Shen

et al. 2022

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We present a sample of 706, z < 1.5 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selected from optical photometric variability in three of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) deep fields (E2, C3, and X3) over an area of 4.64 deg2. We construct light curves using difference imaging aperture photometry for resolved sources and non-difference imaging PSF photometry for unresolved sources, respectively, and characterize the variability significance. Our DES light curves have a mean cadence of 7 days, a 6 year baseline, and a single-epoch imaging depth of up to g ∼ 24.5. Using spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting, we find 26 out of total 706 variable galaxies are consistent with dwarf galaxies with a reliable stellar mass estimate (M* < 109.5 M⊙; median photometric redshift of 0.9). We were able to constrain rapid characteristic variability timescales (∼ weeks) using the DES light curves in 15 dwarf AGN candidates (a subset of our variable AGN candidates) at a median photometric redshift of 0.4. This rapid variability is consistent with their low black hole masses. We confirm the low-mass AGN nature of one source with a high S/N optical spectrum. We publish our catalog, optical light curves, and supplementary data, such as X-ray properties and optical spectra, when available. We measure a variable AGN fraction versus stellar mass and compare to results from a forward model. This work demonstrates the feasibility of optical variability to identify AGNs with lower black hole masses in deep fields, which may be more ‘pristine’ analogs of supermassive black hole seeds.

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“…We note that only two viewing angles are selected, in order to obtain the most informative parameters. Ramos Padilla et al (2022) have tested the effect of the viewing angles in AGN classification, and found that limiting the viewing angles representing these two types of AGNs (30°/70°) does not affect the estimated physical parameters (i.e., f AGN ) as compared to using the full range of viewing angles.…”

Section: Estimating the Agn Contribution And Sfr From Sed Fittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ALPINE–ALMA [C ii] Survey: The Infrared–Radio Correlation and Active Galactic Nucleus Fraction of Star-forming Galaxies at z ∼ 4.4–5.9

Shen

Lemaux

Lubin

et al. 2022

ApJ

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We present the radio properties of 66 spectroscopically confirmed normal star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at 4.4 < z < 5.9 in the COSMOS field that were [C ii]-detected in the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Large Program to INvestigate [C ii] at Early times (ALPINE). We separate these galaxies (“C ii-detected-all”) into lower-redshift (“C ii-detected-lz”; 〈z〉 = 4.5) and higher-redshift (“C ii-detected-hz”; 〈z〉 = 5.6) subsamples, and stack multiwavelength imaging for each subsample from X-ray to radio bands. A radio signal is detected in the stacked 3 GHz images of the C ii-detected-all and lz samples at ≳3σ. We find that the infrared–radio correlation of our sample, quantified by q TIR, is lower than the local relation for normal SFGs at a ∼3σ significance level, and is instead broadly consistent with that of bright submillimeter galaxies at 2 < z < 5. Neither of these samples show evidence of dominant active galactic nucleus activity in their stacked spectral energy distributions (SEDs), UV spectra, or stacked X-ray images. Although we cannot rule out the possible effects of the assumed spectral index and applied infrared SED templates in causing these differences, at least partially, the lower obscured fraction of star formation than at lower redshift can alleviate the tension between our stacked q TIRs and those of local normal SFGs. It is possible that the dust buildup, which primarily governs the infrared emission, in addition to older stellar populations, has not had enough time to occur fully in these galaxies, whereas the radio emission can respond on a more rapid timescale. Therefore, we might expect a lower q TIR to be a general property of high-redshift SFGs.

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The viewing angle in AGN SED models: a data-driven analysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 146 publications

Spectral Energy Distributions in Three Deep-drilling Fields of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time: Source Classification and Galaxy Properties

Spectral Energy Distributions in Three Deep-drilling Fields of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time: Source Classification and Galaxy Properties

Dwarf AGNs from Optical Variability for the Origins of Seeds (DAVOS): insights from the dark energy survey deep fields

The ALPINE–ALMA [C ii] Survey: The Infrared–Radio Correlation and Active Galactic Nucleus Fraction of Star-forming Galaxies at z ∼ 4.4–5.9

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