The viewpoint shifter -eha- in Korean and how it affects causal event structure

Semantics of '-e ha' for psych predicates in Korean

“…The requirement of -e ha for certain psyche predicates in Korean can be related to the requirement of participatory/endophoric evidence of psych predicates and the rigidity of the speaker's stance (Kwon, 2014;C. Lee, 2013;Song, 2018).…”

“…This is because the acquisition of evidence can occur naturally as -e ha fulfills its function. Kwon (2014) posits that -e ha functions primarily as a viewpoint-shifter rather than an evidential morpheme, arguing that it explicitly marks the speaker as an observer. This perspective is insightful as it foregrounds the broader event context of the utterance that includes -e ha, rather than focusing solely on the evidence itself.…”

“…This perspective is insightful as it foregrounds the broader event context of the utterance that includes -e ha, rather than focusing solely on the evidence itself. Conversely, however, interpreting -e ha as an evidential morpheme might be more intuitive in the internal state of an experiencer as indirectly deduced based on the experiencer's external behaviors the logophor observed (Kwon, 2014).…”

“…C. and Kwon (2014), on the other hand, focused on the morpheme -e ha, which is required for psych predicates in certain contexts, and analyzed it as an evidential morpheme. There are two aspects that make these studies even more interesting: they show that 1) -e ha is an evidential morpheme with a restricted range of use, and 2) it is sensitive to the perspective of the clause, and thus, might play a role at the interface between semantics and pragmatics.…”