The Vigor and Viability Seed Testing of Three Tobacco Varieties on Various Seed Germination Media

Abstract

<jats:p>Seed viability is one of the most important physiological quality benchmarks of seeds. The use of appropriate germination media can affect the results of seed viability testing. This study aims to determine the optimal germination media in tobacco seed viability testing. This research was conducted at the Seed Laboratory of the Indonesian Sweetener and Fiber Crops Research Institute, Malang in January - March 2019. The research method used a two-factorial randomized block design (RAK). The first factor is tobacco seed varieties consisting of Kasturi in 2007, Bojonegoro in 2012 and Kemloko in 2014. The second factor is the seed germination media consisting of straw paper, cotton, towel tissue, paperboard and newspaper. The results showed that the Kemloko variety of tobacco seeds germinated in the towel tissue had the best seed vigor and viability percentage. Seed germination media with paperboard, towel tissue and straw paper can be used to test the viability of tobacco seeds because they have a percentage of simultaneous growth, percentage of the growth speed, percentage of germination, percentage of the growth potential maximum and normal seedling dry weight which are equally well</jats:p>

Morphometry, viability and germination of seeds of Benincasa hispida [(Thunb.) Cogn.]

“…2). Similar results have been reported in other studies (Mercado and Delgado, 2018;Fantazzini et al, 2020;Hidayat and Ridhawati, 2020).…”

“…Inviable seeds without staining. These variations in the intensity of the staining of the internal parts of the seeds are in agreement with Macedo-Sousa et al (2017), and originate from the interaction of living cells with the colorless solution of 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, this allows the release of hydrogen ions from dehydrogenase enzymes and, by hydrogenation, a red, stable and non-diffusible substance called Triphenylformazan is produced in living cells, indicates the respiratory activity of the mitochondria and delimits the tissue with deficient physiological activity by its color (MAPAB, 2009;Macedo-Sousa et al, 2017;Hidayat and Ridhawati, 2020). Therefore, the intense red color in the embryos is a positive indicator of the viability and high vigor of the seeds (Class 1 and 2).…”

“…Faintly colored or pinkish seeds in some parts of the embryo (Class 3), indicate that the cells have a decreased respiratory activity (MAPAB, 2009;Hidayat and Ridhawati, 2020) and consequently less activity of dehydrogenase enzymes, this type of staining can result in abnormal plants (Macedo-Sousa et al, 2017). Finally, the parts that do not present coloration (Class 4), can be classified as non-viable with the absence of metabolic activity in the seed, necessary for the production of Triphenylformazan (Macedo-Sousa et al, 2017).…”

“…treatments for non-viable seeds (I) did not present a significant statistical effect and their percentages were less than 2.6%. The presence of inviable seeds is due to degradation of cell membranes by lipid peroxidation and non-enzymatic peroxidation, which are factors that contribute to the degradation of seed viability (Hidayat and Ridhawati, 2020). The results of the comparison of means for the category of total viability of seeds (VIATO = V + 0.5D), in addition to confirming the results of the F test of the analysis of variance, absence of statistical differences between the means, allow us to infer that the combination of 0.5% tetrazolium with 2 h of staining is sufficient to determine the viability and vigor of the seeds, due to the intense, total and uniform staining in all the internal parts of the seed with the highest economy in tetrazolium and staining time (Fig.…”

“…Based on the above, 0.5% tetrazolium+2 h is the best combination of tetrazolium concentration and exposure time by allowing proper staining of living seed tissues, without impairing the visualization of viability, due to the concentration of 0.5% at 2 and 3 h, they cause a similar physiological effect in determining the viability of the seeds (Fantazzini et al, 2020;Hidayat and Ridhawati, 2020). In addition, the first two hours of water absorption by the seed are important, as they relate to enzymatic activity and, therefore, to the final coloration (Lima et al, 2010).…”