The Vis a Tergo, Capillary Pressure and Capillary Function

Langen, C. D. Dé

doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1951.tb10186.x

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…skeptics, the consensus is clear: the heart cannot be the only driver of the circulation; a complementary driving mechanism must exist in blood vessels, presumably in the capillaries (4,(12)(13)(14)(15). However, the precise mechanism has remained unclear.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Continued blood flow without a beating heart raises an obvious question: could the heart be the sole driver of the circulation? Puzzled by clinical and experimental evidence that does not fit the current paradigm, generations of established physicians and physiologists since the 19 th century have repeatedly raised this question (4,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Among those skeptics, the consensus is clear: the heart cannot be the only driver of the circulation; a complementary driving mechanism must exist in blood vessels, presumably in the capillaries (4,(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the precise mechanism has remained unclear. Under the standard pressure-driven flow paradigm, it is not obvious that how blood vessels, especially capillaries, could pump blood by themselves (4,(12)(13)(14)(15).On the other hand, pressure is not the only way to drive fluid flow through a vessel. We recently discovered that flow can also arise from a driving force involving tubular…”

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confidence: 99%

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On the Driver of Blood Circulation Beyond the Heart

Pollack

2021

Preprint

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The heart is widely acknowledged as the unique driver of blood circulation. Recently, we discovered a flow-driving mechanism that can operate without imposed pressure, using infrared (IR) energy to propel flow. We considered the possibility that, by exploiting this mechanism, blood vessels, themselves, could propel flow. We verified the existence of this driving mechanism by using a three-day-old chick-embryo model. When the heart was stopped, blood continued to flow, albeit at a lower velocity. When IR was introduced, flow increased, by ~300%. When IR energy was diminished under otherwise physiological conditions, blood failed to flow. Hence, this IR-dependent, vessel-based flow-driving mechanism may indeed operate in the circulatory system, complementing the action of the heart.

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Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Driver of Blood Circulation Beyond the Heart

Pollack

2021

Preprint

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Facile Fabrication of Hollow Hydrogel Microfiber via 3D Printing-Assisted Microfluidics and Its Application as a Biomimetic Blood Capillary

Lan

Shang

et al. 2021

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Simulating the structure and function of blood capillaries is very important for an in-depth insight into their role in the human body and treatment of capillary-related diseases. Due to the similar composition and structure, hollow hydrogel microfibers are well-recognized as potential biomimetic blood capillaries. In this paper, we report a novel, facile, and reproducible method to fabricate coaxial microfluidic chips via 3D printing-assisted soft lithography and then hollow hydrogel microfibers using the as-prepared coaxial microfluidic chips. Instead of traditional photoresist-based lithography, 3D printing of gelatin hydrogel under various extrusion pressures is used to construct sacrificial templates of coaxial microfluidic chips. Various solid and hollow hydrogel microfibers with complicated and hierarchical structures can be obtained via multitype coaxial microfluidic chips or a combination of coaxial microfluidic fabrication and post-treatment. The as-formed hollow hydrogel microfibers are evaluated in detail as biomimetic blood capillaries, including physicochemical and cytological properties. Our results prove that the hollow hydrogel microfibers exhibit excellent mass transport capacity, hemocompatibility, semipermeability, and mechanical strength, and their barrier function can be further enhanced in the presence of endothelial cells. Overall, our 3D printing-assisted fabrication strategy provides a new technique to construct microfluidic chips with complicated 3D microchannels, and the resulting hollow hydrogel microfibers are promising candidates for blood capillaries.

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Fluid dynamics and venous hemodynamics in the lower extremities

Guven

2024

Vasa

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Summary: Chronic venous disease is a vascular disorder characterized by impaired venous return and a progressive dysfunction of the venous system. Pathological reflux can occur due to abnormal dilation and weakening of the vein wall. The circulatory system is a natural structure in which physical laws, such as the law of closed containers and gravity, operate. The malfunctions in the system also adhere to these laws of nature. This article explains how the principles of fluid dynamics apply to the flow of blood in the veins of the legs. I am discussing the principles of Pascal’s law, Torricelli’s law, Bernoulli’s law, and Poiseuille’s law, and how they are relating to the anatomy and physiology of the venous system.

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The Vis a Tergo, Capillary Pressure and Capillary Function

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

On the Driver of Blood Circulation Beyond the Heart

On the Driver of Blood Circulation Beyond the Heart

Facile Fabrication of Hollow Hydrogel Microfiber via 3D Printing-Assisted Microfluidics and Its Application as a Biomimetic Blood Capillary

Fluid dynamics and venous hemodynamics in the lower extremities

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