The Visible Human Projects in Korea and China with improved images and diverse applications

Dai, Jingxing; Chung, Min Suk; Qu, Rongmei; Yuan, Lin; Liu, Shuwei; Shin, Dong Sun

doi:10.1007/s00276-012-0945-8

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…; Dai et al. ). This approach reveals structures by serially removing a thin layer (‘section’ of 0.1–1.0 mm) from the surface of a frozen body before recording a new image and is in our view the technique of choice in areas with poor accessibility and small size of some of the relevant structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Architecture of structures in the urogenital triangle of young adult males; comparison with females

Dabhoiwala

Hagoort

et al. 2018

Journal of Anatomy

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The fibro‐muscular architecture of the urogenital triangle remains contentious. Reasons are small size of the constituting structures and poor visibility with most imaging methods. We reinvestigated the area in serial sections of three males (21–38 years old) of the American and Chinese Visible Human Projects and two 26‐week‐old male fetuses, and compared the findings with earlier observations in females. The mass of the levator ani muscle was approximately twofold smaller and its funnel shape steeper in males than females. In the levator hiatus, a strand of the smooth longitudinal muscle layer of the rectum, the ‘rectourethral (RU) muscle’, extended anteriorly from the anorectal bend to the penile bulb. Fibrous tissue that formed in the inferior reach of the fetal RU muscle identified the location of the developing perineal body (PB) and divided the muscle into posterior ‘rectoperineal’ and anterior ‘deep perineal’ portions. In males, the PB remained small and bipartite, so that the RU muscle presented as an undivided midline structure. The well‐developed female PB, instead, intertwined with the deep perineal muscle and both structures passed the vagina bilaterally to form the perineal membrane in the posterior portion of the urogenital triangle. The urethral rhabdosphincter extended in the anterior portion of the urogenital triangle between the penile bulb inferiorly and the bladder neck superiorly, and consisted of a well‐developed circular ‘membranous’ portion with bilateral posteroinferior ‘wings’ and a thinner ‘prostatic’ portion on the prostate anterior side. In men, muscles occupy the urogenital triangle, but additional tightening of the locally fibrous adipose tissue by the superficial transverse perineal muscle appears necessary to generate functional support in women. An interactive 3D pdf file with these anatomical details (available online) should allow more accurate interpretation of ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance images.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Architecture of structures in the urogenital triangle of young adult males; comparison with females

Dabhoiwala

Hagoort

et al. 2018

Journal of Anatomy

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“…Sectioned images of the human body are of considerable use due to their high resolutions and natural colors as compared with computer tomographs (CT) and magnetic resonance images (MRIs) (Ackerman, 1999;Dai et al, 2012). Available images include those of the Visible Human Project (VHP; male and female) conducted in the United States (Ackerman;Spitzer et al, 1996; the Chinese Visible Human (CVH; male and female) (Zhang et al, 2006) and the Virtual Chinese Human (VCH; male and female) (Tang et al, 2010;Yuan et al, 2008); and the Visible Korean (VK; male whole body, male head, and female pelvis) (Park et al, 2005aShin et al, 2013) (Table I).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Sectioned Images and Surface Models of the Whole Female Body

2015

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SUMMARY:The objective of this research was to present high-quality sectioned images of a whole female body which would be helpful in creating an atlas, virtual dissection, and various applications for medical education and clinical trial. In addition, the authors sought to demonstrate the applicabilities of sectioned images. A female cadaver was ground serially using the cryomacrotome and photographed to make the sectioned images. Structures in the images were segmented to produce segmented images in Photoshop. In the self-developed browsing software, the sectioned and segmented images were stored. Based on the segmented images, surface models were built on commercial software and saved as PDF file. High-quality sectioned images of the female body were taken (intervals, 0.2 mm or 1 mm; pixel size, 0.1 mm; color depth, 48 bit color). In the images obtained, very small and complicated structures could be identified in color of living body. In order to ascertain the applicability of the images, the browsing software including sectioned and segmented images and the PDF file including surface models were produced. The sectioned images and surface models produced during this research will prove to be a useful source for medical software. All data generated is available free of charge.

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“…16 Thereinto, Visible Chinese human (VCH) is famous in highest-resolution structure image dataset,¯nest and professional segmentation of VCH into di®erent types of tissues. 16,17 VCH head dataset is capable to provide us the highest realistic human model for us to study particle propagation, 11,15,18 which delight us to study light penetration depth with VCH head model. Of note, the VCH model is a 3D voxelized model, requiring us to simulate light transportation within human head with a Monte Carlo approach which is compatible to voxelized media.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photon penetration depth in human brain for light stimulation and treatment: A realistic Monte Carlo simulation study

Xue²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci.

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Light has been clinically utilized as a stimulation in medical treatment, such as Low-level laser therapy and photodynamic therapy, which has been more and more widely accepted in public. The penetration depth of the treatment light is important for precision treatment and safety control. The issue of light penetration has been highlighted in biomedical optics¯eld for decades. However, quantitative research is sparse and even there are con°icts of view on the capability of near-infrared light penetration into brain tissue. This study attempts to quantitatively revisit this issue by innovative high-realistic 3D Monte Carlo modeling of stimulated light penetration within high-precision Visible Chinese human head. The properties of light, such as its wavelength, illumination pro¯le and size are concern in this study. We made straightforward and quantitative comparisons among the e®ects by the light properties (i.e., wavelengths: 660, 810 and 980 nm; beam types: Gaussian and°at beam; beam diameters: 0, 2, 4 and 6 cm) which are in the range of light treatment. The¯ndings include about 3% of light dosage within brain tissue; the combination of Gaussian beam and 810 nm light make the maximum light penetration §

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The Visible Human Projects in Korea and China with improved images and diverse applications

Abstract: Every project has its strengths and weaknesses with regard to the image data; users in the world can choose the project that best suits their needs.

Cited by 32 publications

References 37 publications

Architecture of structures in the urogenital triangle of young adult males; comparison with females

Architecture of structures in the urogenital triangle of young adult males; comparison with females

Improved Sectioned Images and Surface Models of the Whole Female Body

Photon penetration depth in human brain for light stimulation and treatment: A realistic Monte Carlo simulation study

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