The VNAV Tutor: addressing a mode awareness difficulty for pilots of glass cockpit aircraft

Chappell, Alan R.; Crowther, E.G.; Mitchell, Christine; Govindaraj, T.

doi:10.1109/3468.568746

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Most importantly, it is the first study to be able to explain these performance breakdowns based on converging behavioral, eye-tracking, and mental model data. Our findings call for more conceptual and exploratory approaches to training (e.g., Casner, 2003;Chappell, Crowther, Mitchell, & Govindaraj, 1997;Mumaw, Boorman, & Griffin, 2001;Mumaw, Boorman, Griffin, Moodi, & Xu, 2000;Sarter & Woods, 2000) and improved feedback design, which could take the form of multimodal interfaces (see Nikolic, Orr, & Sarter, 2004;Sarter, 2000;Sklar & Sarter, 1999;D. Javaux, personal communication, 2004) and visualizations of automation intent and aircraft behavior (see Boorman & Mumaw, 2004), to avoid future mode errors and automation surprises.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Pilots' Monitoring Strategies and Performance on Automated Flight Decks: An Empirical Study Combining Behavioral and Eye-Tracking Data

2007

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Pilots' Monitoring Strategies and Performance on Automated Flight Decks: An Empirical Study Combining Behavioral and Eye-Tracking Data

2007

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“…These issues follow on the discussion earlier in this review of the difficulty a humanautomation team experiences in effectively forming a shared mental model and communicating. Rather than being framed in terms of the human's information needs, the automation's communication is typically based on its information availability, and it is generally framed by a static representation inherent to its internal logic and isolated to specific tasks (e.g., Chappell, Crowther, Mitchell, & Govindaraj, 1997;Wiener & Curry, 1980). Several interventions have been proposed.…”

Section: Modal Automation Observabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, studies have demonstrated the value of interfaces explicitly representing the automation's functioning (e.g., Guerlain, Jamieson, Bullemer, & Blair, 2002;Vakil & Hansman, 2002). Second, training the humans on the machine's internal representations can help them make better use of the interface (e.g., Chappell et al, 1997). Third, tactile and auditory alerts can notify pilots of changes in control behavior, helping with awareness of automatic mode transitions (e.g., Sklar & Sarter, 1999).…”

Section: Modal Automation Observabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aviation Automation: General Perspectives and Specific Guidance for the Design of Modes and Alerts

Pritchett¹

2009

Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics

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Automation has long been a significant component of the flight deck, to the point that it is often referred to as a "team member." This review notes the recent insights into aviation human-automation interaction, starting with a quick tour of the modern flight deck to illustrate the current state of the art in applying automation in safety-critical systems. The review then contrasts three prevalent perspectives on applying automation: those that focus on the technology itself, on automation within the operating environment, and on automation as a team member. Next, this review discusses two prevalent forms of aviation automation for which significant research and design guidance has been developed: automation based on modal behaviors, such as the flight management system, and alerting functions, which direct attention or motivate action as warranted by events. Finally, the review notes considerations regarding the certification, testing, and evaluation of automation (and human-automation interaction) in the safety-critical domain of aviation.

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“…Unfortunately, flexibility, power, and choice all have their drawbacks. While modes enable users to achieve more, they eventually result in confusion and errors (Chappell et al 1997).…”

Section: Structure Of Automation Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Automation Mode Confusion with Brazilian Airline Pilots

Albano

Fregnani

2022

J. Aerosp. Technol. Manag.

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Automation is an important feature in-flight operations and its implementation in aviation has brought numerous benefits, such as reducing the workload and optimizing operations. However, there are difficulties in crew interaction with automation, such as autopilot mode confusion. To expose which mode confusions are usually prevalent and recurrent with Brazilian pilots, a survey-style questionnaire was administered to airline pilots. The survey results, answered by 145 pilots, reveal that the average frequency of mode confusion is 2.01 ± 0.40 occurrences per year and less experienced pilots are more likely to experience the phenomenon. This research points out that the prevalence of the phenomenon of mode confusion occurs in the final stages of flight, the vertical navigation (VNAV) modes being the most complex and confusing to pilots. The research also presents the main causes of mode confusion, as perceived by the pilots, their consequences, and mitigating measures. Data collected in this study can be used in future studies and by airlines to develop mitigating actions to manage the risk of mode confusion.

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The VNAV Tutor: addressing a mode awareness difficulty for pilots of glass cockpit aircraft

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Pilots' Monitoring Strategies and Performance on Automated Flight Decks: An Empirical Study Combining Behavioral and Eye-Tracking Data

Pilots' Monitoring Strategies and Performance on Automated Flight Decks: An Empirical Study Combining Behavioral and Eye-Tracking Data

Aviation Automation: General Perspectives and Specific Guidance for the Design of Modes and Alerts

Analysis of Automation Mode Confusion with Brazilian Airline Pilots

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