The Volcanic Chaîne des Puys: A Unique Collection of Simple and Compound Monogenetic Edifices

Boivin, Pierre; Thouret, Jean‐Claude

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7022-5_9

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Observations show that the laterally-directed explosions of lava domes occur mainly at the onset of the eruption when the lava dome has still a small size (Montagne Pelée, 1902 7 8 , 650 BP 16 , Puy Chopine 20 ). On the basis of the volume of the D-PDC deposits, we can estimate that for these eruptions, the volume of the lava domes before explosion was probably not greater than 0.01 km 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In La Chaîne des Puys (Massif Central, France), the Puy de Dôme eruption (~10,800 y. BP) 20 only produced C-PDCs whereas the Puy Chopine eruption (~9,700 y. BP) 20 generated a D-PDC during its first phase of activity, destroying the emerging lava dome. The lava dome and the C-PDC deposit from Puy de Dôme and the D-PDC deposit from Puy Chopine were sampled.…”

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confidence: 99%

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What factors control superficial lava dome explosivity?

Boudon

Balcone-Boissard

Villemant

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Dome-forming eruption is a frequent eruptive style and a major hazard on numerous volcanoes worldwide. Lava domes are built by slow extrusion of degassed, viscous magma and may be destroyed by gravitational collapse or explosion. The triggering of lava dome explosions is poorly understood: here we propose a new model of superficial lava-dome explosivity based upon a textural and geochemical study (vesicularity, microcrystallinity, cristobalite distribution, residual water contents, crystal transit times) of clasts produced by key eruptions. Superficial explosion of a growing lava dome may be promoted through porosity reduction caused by both vesicle flattening due to gas escape and syn-eruptive cristobalite precipitation. Both processes generate an impermeable and rigid carapace allowing overpressurisation of the inner parts of the lava dome by the rapid input of vesiculated magma batches. The relative thickness of the cristobalite-rich carapace is an inverse function of the external lava dome surface area. Explosive activity is thus more likely to occur at the onset of lava dome extrusion, in agreement with observations, as the likelihood of superficial lava dome explosions depends inversely on lava dome volume. This new result is of interest for the whole volcanological community and for risk management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

What factors control superficial lava dome explosivity?

Boudon

Balcone-Boissard

Villemant

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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“…Proximal tephra deposits from the eruption cover a large part of the Chaîne des Puys, including the top and northern flank of the Puy de Dôme edifice (1450 m a.s.l) located 800 m north-east of Kilian crater (Colombier et al 2017a;Boivin and Thouret 2014;Portal et al 2019). A distal tephra layer possibly from Kilian has been identified as far as Soppensee lake in Switzerland (Lane et al 2011).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological change and degassing during a trachytic Vulcanian eruption at Kilian Volcano, Chaîne des Puys, France

et al. 2020

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Magma ascent during silicic dome-forming eruptions is characterized by significant changes in magma viscosity, permeability, and gas overpressure in the conduit. These changes depend on a set of parameters such as ascent rate, outgassing and crystallization efficiency, and magma viscosity, which in turn may influence the prevailing conditions for effusive versus explosive activity. Here, we combine chemical and textural analyses of tephra with viscosity models to provide a better understanding of the effusive-explosive transitions during Vulcanian phases of the 9.4 ka eruption of Kilian Volcano, Chaîne des Puys, France. Our results suggest that effusive activity at the onset of Vulcanian episodes at Kilian Volcano was promoted by (i) rapid ascent of initially crystal-poor and volatile-rich trachytic magma, (ii) a substantial bulk and melt viscosity increase driven by extensive volatile loss and crystallization, and (iii) efficient degassing/outgassing in a crystal-rich magma at shallow depths. Trachytic magma repeatedly replenished the upper conduit, and variations in the amount of decompression and cooling caused vertical textural stratification, leading to variable degrees of crystallization and outgassing. Outgassing promoted effusive dome growth and occurred via gas percolation through large interconnected vesicles, fractures, and tuffisite veins, fostering the formation of cristobalite in the carapace and talus regions. Build-up of overpressure was likely caused by closing of pore space (bubbles and fractures) in the dome through a combination of pore collapse, cristobalite formation, sintering in tuffisite veins, and limited pre-fragmentation coalescence in the dome or underlying hot vesicular magma. Sealing of the carapace may have caused a transition from open- to closed- system degassing and to renewed explosive activity. We generalize our findings to propose that the broad spectrum of eruptive styles for trachytic magmas may be inherited from a combination of characteristics of trachytic melts that include high water solubility and diffusivity, rapid microlite growth, and low melt viscosity compared to their more evolved subalkaline dacitic and rhyolitic equivalents. We show that trachytes may erupt with a similar style (e.g., Vulcanian) but at significantly higher ascent rates than their andesitic, dacitic, and rhyolitic counterparts. This suggests that the periodicity of effusive-explosive transitions at trachytic volcanoes may differ from that observed at the well-monitored andesitic, dacitic, and rhyolitic volcanoes, which has implications for hazard assessment associated with trachytic eruptions.

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“…Whilst a number of recent publications focused on volcanic heritage implicitly addresses volcanic geomorphology, demonstrating its key contribution to both scenic quality and scientific significance of areas of recent and sub-recent igneous activity (Gao et al 2013;Moufti and Németh 2013;Boivin and Thouret 2013), sites of more ancient (pre-Quaternary) and long extinct volcanism usually remain unexplored in geomorphological context. One of a few notable exceptions is the Causeway Coast in Northern Ireland, where multiple lava sheets of early Palaeocene age are exposed along the coastal cliffs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overlooked Geomorphological Component of Volcanic Geoheritage—Diversity and Perspectives for Tourism Industry, Pogórze Kaczawskie Region, SW Poland

Migoń

Pijet-Migoń²

2015

Geoheritage

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In the West Sudetes (SW Poland), volcanic activity of Oligocene and Miocene age has left a suite of landforms of considerable geomorphological interest. Besides being relevant to the subject of volcanology, they illustrate how volcanism influences interplays with landscape development in the long-term. Three main geomorphological themes are explored: structural geomorphology of ancient volcanic terrain, volcanic remnants as markers of long-term denudation and hillslope evolution under periglacial conditions of the Pleistocene. Volcanic geosites are used as a resource for geotourism and promotion of geoheritage has intensified recently, with the region branding itself as the 'Land of Extinct Volcanoes'. Ten localities are evaluated as geomorphosites of significant educational potential, taking into account geomorphological values, added values as well as physical accessibility and information supply. Successful interpretation remains a key challenge in further geotourism development, and several associated practical issues are pointed out such as choice of terminology, uncertainties in scientific understanding and stand-alone attractiveness of geoheritage.

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The Volcanic Chaîne des Puys: A Unique Collection of Simple and Compound Monogenetic Edifices

Cited by 21 publications

References 4 publications

What factors control superficial lava dome explosivity?

What factors control superficial lava dome explosivity?

Rheological change and degassing during a trachytic Vulcanian eruption at Kilian Volcano, Chaîne des Puys, France

Overlooked Geomorphological Component of Volcanic Geoheritage—Diversity and Perspectives for Tourism Industry, Pogórze Kaczawskie Region, SW Poland

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