The warm temperature acclimation protein Wap65 as an immune response gene: Its duplicates are differentially regulated by temperature and bacterial infections

Genomic Organization and Isoform-Dependent Expression Patterns of Wap65 genes in Various Tissues during Immune Challenges in the Mud Loach Misgurnus mizolepis

“…Considering that NF-кB is a key player in innate immune defense systems, especially the Toll signaling pathway (Hayden and Ghosh, 2004;Cho et al, 2009), the exclusive prediction of NF-кB in the Wap65-2 promoter suggests that Wap65-2 isoform to be more closely related to inflammation-mediated modulation than the Wap65-1 isoform. The presence of cytokine responsive and/or stressrelated motifs has also been reported in Wap65 genes in a few species, although comparative examinations of the two isoforms within a single fish species are limited to a few fish species (Hirayama et al, 2003;Nakaniwa et al, 2005;Sha et al, 2008).…”

“…Doses of immune-stimulating agents (ET and LPS) used in this study tion of ray-finned fish (Dooley et al, 2010;Sarropoulou and Fernandes, 2011); thus, such an inter-isoform difference in exon-intron organization may be a more recent lineage-or species-specific event. Besides the difference in exon-intron organization, the Wap65 gene is also known to have undergone species-specific gene duplication (i.e., intra-chromosomal amplification), resulting in gene copy number variability among species as evidenced by the four tandem copies of the Wap65-1 gene (whereas only one copy of Wap65-2 isoform) in the catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) genome (Sha et al, 2008).…”

“…Besides its essential function in thermal acclimation, this serum glycoprotein is also involved in various other cellular pathways, especially those relating to innate immunity (Sha et al, 2008). The potential role of WAP65 proteins as an immune modulator has been demonstrated in several previous studies on dynamic modulations in fish tissues during immune-stimulating challenges and/or environmental perturbation treatments (Aliza et al, 2008;Sha et al, 2008;Shi et al, 2010).…”

“…Besides its essential function in thermal acclimation, this serum glycoprotein is also involved in various other cellular pathways, especially those relating to innate immunity (Sha et al, 2008). The potential role of WAP65 proteins as an immune modulator has been demonstrated in several previous studies on dynamic modulations in fish tissues during immune-stimulating challenges and/or environmental perturbation treatments (Aliza et al, 2008;Sha et al, 2008;Shi et al, 2010). Teleosts typically possess two functional WAP65 isoforms (WAP65-1 and WAP65-2) and previous reports have suggested that these two isoforms have been functionally diversified or subfunctionalized, where the fish WAP65-2 isoform generally has a closer orthology to human hemopexin (HPX) than WAP65-1 (Cho et al, 2012;Lee et al, 2014).…”

Cloning, physical and chemical property analysis of the Japanese sea bass Wap65-2 gene and its expression following <I>Vibrio harveyi</I> infection

“…因其与暖温适应相关且相对分子质量为 6.5×10 4 而 得名。 该类蛋白存在 Wap65-1 和 Wap65-2 两种异构 体 (Hirayama et al, 2003)。研究表明, Wap65-2 具有 多种生物学功能, 它与鱼类暖温适应 (Hirayama et al, 2003)、重金属胁迫 (Aliza et al, 2008)和生长发育 (Hirayama et al, 2004) 等 紧 密 相 关 。 近 年 来 , Wap65-2 在细菌感染性免疫应激中的作用日益引起 人们的关注 (Cho et al, 2012;Li et al, 2011;Peatman et al, 2008;Sha et al, 2008;Shi et al, 2010)。目前, 多种鱼类 Wap65-2 基因序列已被克隆, 包括东方红 鳍鲀(Takifugu rubripes) (Hirayama et al, 2003)、青鳉 (Oryzias latipes) (Hirayama et al, 2004) 、 蓝 鲇 (Ictalurus furcatus) (Peatman et al, 2008)、斑点叉尾 鮰 (I. punctatus) (Sha et al, 2008) 、 剑 尾 鱼 (Xiphophorus hellerii) (Aliza et al, 2008)、真裸南极 鱼(Harpagifer antarcticus) (Clak & Burns, 2008)、香 鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis) (Shi et al, 2010)、欧洲海鲈 (Dicentrarchus labrax) (Sarropoulou et al, 2010)和大 鳞泥鳅(Misgurnus mizolepis) (Cho et al, 2012 (Li et al, 2009)…”