The wasted chewing gum bacteriome

Satari, Leila; Guillén, Alba; Vidal‐Verdú, Àngela; Porcar, Manuel

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-73913-4

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Gum can considerably trap oral germs, confirmed according to the recent studies. 15,32 Artificial sucrose used in the gums can be metabolised by oral bacteria (S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. ), which can demineralise the enamel and cause dental cavities, according to a document issued by the American Dental Association (ADA).…”

Section: The Negative Effects Of Gum Chewingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It will degrade the artwork's heritage temperament and cultural value, as well as cause visual pollution. 15,55 Tourists avoid trash places because of the unsanitary conditions and ugliness. As a result, it has an impact on the local population's economic situation.…”

Section: Affects Aesthetic Value and Local Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using culture-dependent and independent approaches, Satari et al and their group establish the presence of oral bacteria in discarded gum samples is not uncertain. 15 So, it can be a transmitter of infectious diseases if an infected person throughout irresponsibly to its environment. In this pandemic situation, everyone has the responsibility to resist the spreading of coronavirus.…”

Section: Affects Aesthetic Value and Local Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On average, they consume 1 to 4 pieces of gum per day. 13,15 While in Saudi Arabia and Iran, 80% of the population chews gum regularly. 16 The same trend is following 46% of the people of the United Kingdom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chewing gum adds more than 10 5 tonnes of "plastic" waste each year. 12 Oral germs may be trapped in discarded chewing gums, according to the experimental result published by Satari L. et al 15 Thus, non-biodegradable chew gum waste that has been incorrectly disposed of could be operating as a bacterium transmission medium. There is yet no scientific research on this subject.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improper Disposal of Non-biodegradable Chewing Gum is One of the Biggest Threats to Our Ecology: A Review

Roy

2021

Curr. World Environ

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One of the oldest habits of human beings is chewing gum. It has continued from ancient civilizations to the current time. Gum chewing provides a relaxing experience that individuals enjoy for a long time. The non-food item, chewing gum, has a long history. The gradual progression of its development has provided us with a greater flavour as well as extra medicinal properties. Chewing gum is known for its stress-relieving qualities as well as its ability to keep our mouths fresh. Soon, ‘chewing gum’ will be included as part of the drug delivery mechanism. Unfortunately, it has had some negative consequences. Modern chewing gum is made of non-biodegradable hydrophobic polymers together with artificial sweeteners and flavours. So, chewing this sort of synthetic material over a long time could produce some adverse effects. After chewing, most individuals throw the waste part of chewing gum everywhere, resulting in environmental trash known as 'gum pollution. Each year, chewing gum generates more than 105 tonnes of "plastic" garbage. Thus, the discarded non-biodegradable residue of the gum produces plastic pollution. Every year, enormous sums of money are spent to clean up the abandoned gum from the streets. Again, it has a high potential to trap bacteria inside. Therefore, this widespread habit causes an additional nuisance in this pandemic situation. As a result, the waste part of the gum has multiple dimensions to pollute our environment. Gum disposal has become a major problem all across the world. Gum litter can only be reduced by properly disposing of gum. As a result, it's time to reconsider the role of chewing gum in terms of human health and the environment. This article emphasizes the importance of proper waste (gum) disposal and calls for increased awareness to safeguard our environment from "gum pollution."

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Section: The Negative Effects Of Gum Chewingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Affects Aesthetic Value and Local Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Affects Aesthetic Value and Local Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improper Disposal of Non-biodegradable Chewing Gum is One of the Biggest Threats to Our Ecology: A Review

Roy

2021

Curr. World Environ

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Flavor Release and Application in Chewing Gum

Yingngam

2022

ACS Symposium Series

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A laboratory ice machine as a cold oligotrophic artificial microbial niche for biodiscovery

Satari,

Torrent,

Ortega-Legarreta

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Microorganisms are ubiquitously distributed in nature and usually appear as biofilms attached to a variety of surfaces. Here, we report the development of a thick biofilm in the drain pipe of several standard laboratory ice machines, and we describe and characterise, through culture-dependent and -independent techniques, the composition of this oligotrophic microbial community. By using culturomics, 25 different microbial strains were isolated and taxonomically identified. The 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria were the most abundant bacterial phyla in the sample, followed by Acidobacteriota and Planctomycetota, while ITS high-throughput sequencing uncovered the fungal community was clearly dominated by the presence of a yet-unidentified genus from the Didymellaceae family. Alpha and beta diversity comparisons of the ice machine microbial community against that of other similar cold oligotrophic and/or artificial environments revealed a low similarity between samples, highlighting the ice machine could be considered a cold and oligotrophic niche with a unique selective pressure for colonisation of particular microorganisms. The recovery and analysis of high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) yielded a strikingly high rate of new species. The functional profiling of the metagenome sequences uncovered the presence of proteins involved in extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and fimbriae biosynthesis and also allowed us to detect the key proteins involved in the cold adaptation mechanisms and oligotrophic metabolic pathways. The metabolic functions in the recovered MAGs confirmed that all MAGs have the genes involved in psychrophilic protein biosynthesis. In addition, the highest number of genes for EPS biosynthesis was presented in MAGs associated with the genus Sphingomonas, which was also recovered by culture-based method. Further, the MAGs with the highest potential gene number for oligotrophic protein production were closely affiliated with the genera Chryseoglobus and Mycobacterium. Our results reveal the surprising potential of a cold oligotrophic microecosystem within a machine as a source of new microbial taxa and provide the scientific community with clues about which microorganisms are able to colonise this ecological niche and what physiological mechanisms they develop. These results pave the way to understand how and why certain microorganisms can colonise similar anthropogenic environments.

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The wasted chewing gum bacteriome

Cited by 14 publications

References 58 publications

Improper Disposal of Non-biodegradable Chewing Gum is One of the Biggest Threats to Our Ecology: A Review

Improper Disposal of Non-biodegradable Chewing Gum is One of the Biggest Threats to Our Ecology: A Review

Flavor Release and Application in Chewing Gum

A laboratory ice machine as a cold oligotrophic artificial microbial niche for biodiscovery

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