The way to solve the problem of degradation of mountain pastures of the Central Caucasus

Dzhibilov, Sergey; Soldatov, Eduard; Guluyeva, Lyudmila; Soldatova, Irina

doi:10.32417/1997-4868-2020-197-6-10-16

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Так, например, камни, находящиеся в почве и на ее поверхности, способствуют поломкам при работе сельскохозяйственной техники, снижая производительность и надежность ее работы [3,4]. В связи с этим бороны, у которых рабочие органы-диски расположены на одной оси, и дискаторы, рабочие органы-диски которых имеют индивидуальное крепление к стойке, имеющей защиту от перегрузок, позволяющие производить обработку участков с каменистой почвой, являются наиболее производительными почвообрабатывающими средствами [5,6]. Известно, что при использовании дискаторов происходит интенсивная обработка почвы, измельчение и заделка пожнивных и растительных остатков, поэтому дискаторы используются также при обработке залежных земель, разделке дернины и пластов почвы после вспашки, а также подготовке почвы под посев.…”

Section: экономика организация и технология производстваunclassified

The unit for improvement of degenerated mountainside sections

Bideev

Gulueva

2023

Tractors and Agricultural Machinery

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BACKGROUND: The results of RD works on the laboratory prototype of a small disk harrow aimed for operation at mountainsides and capable to improve labor capacity and yield capacity of highland forage lands by 1520% are presented. AIMS: The developed laboratory prototype of a module of a mountain tractor-drawn small disk harrow for operation at sections of highland and piedmont areas capable to eliminate weed infestation of soil; to increase fertility and yield capacity of forage lands, to ensure stability of grass areas against deflation and erosion. METHODS: The technical examination of the laboratory prototype of the machine was carried out at the highland station of North Caucasian Research Institute of Highland and Piedmont Agriculture in Dargvas village, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania at the altitude of 1540 meters above the sea level and at the slope angle of up to 12. The properties of the testing conditions and the functional properties of unit operation were determined. The technical examination of the scientific documentation of the laboratory prototype of a module of a mountain tractor-drawn small disk harrow for cultivation of soil of highland grass areas was carried out in compliance with the GOST 33687-2015 standard. The subject of the study includes operating tools (the disks), distance between neighboring disks, disk curvature radius, disk diameter as well as the design of operating tools mounting at the frame of a small disk harrow. RESULTS: The laboratory prototype of a small disk harrow for soil cultivation at sections of highland and piedmont areas was developed and produced on the basis of a minitractor. The small disk harrow is represented as a tractor-drawn unit with inline arrangement of 9 spherical disks mounted to individual struts. The design of the mountain small disk harrow is provided with the capability of the unit to switch from the right-to-left mountainside operation mode to the left-to-right mountainside operation mode when turning and with the optional mounting of press wheels. CONCLUSIONS: Practical use of the module of a small disk harrow ensures reduction of generating processes ofmountainside sections, increases yield capacity of forage lands, ensures stability against water erosion and wind erosion as well as increases environmental stability and efficiency of grassland farming.

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Section: экономика организация и технология производстваunclassified

The unit for improvement of degenerated mountainside sections

Bideev

Gulueva

2023

Tractors and Agricultural Machinery

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“…Они открывают и закрывают семяпровод через исполнительный механизм, который активируется через усилитель сигнала. Сигнал генерируется в фотоэлементе при отражении света от твердой и гладкой поверхности почвы, оголенной от травостоя [15,16].…”

Section: результаты и обсуждениеunclassified

Small-sized unit for the restoration of herbage in mountain meadows and pastures

Soldatova,

Gulueva

2023

Tractors and Agricultural Machinery

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BACKGROUND: The results of RD for the laboratory prototype of the unit for grass seeds oversowing on mountain slopes, which can increase labor efficiency and mountain forage lands yield by 20-25%, are presented. AIMS: The developed laboratory prototype of a block module based on the Feng Shou 180 mini-tractor for surface oversowing of grass seeds, providing with an accelerated increase in the yield of perennial grasses and soil resistance to water and wind erosion. METHODS: Technical expertise and testing of the unit and technology were carried out in the mountainous zone of the Republic of North Ossetia Alania (Dargava basin, the base station of the Institute) at an altitude of 1540 meters above sea level. The indicators of the test conditions and functional performance of the unit were determined according to the OST 10.5.1-2000 industry standard. Technical examination of the unit was carried out according to the OST 10.2.1-97. Surface sowing of grass seeds was carried out according to GOST 31345-2017. The subject of research included the technology of grass seeds oversowing, the design of the unit and working bodies: pendular sowing machines, seeding rates and method of sowing. METHODS: The laboratory prototype of the small-sized unit based on the Feng Shou 180 mini-tractor for surface oversowing of grass seeds has been developed and manufactured. The block module is a hinged structure with a two-row arrangement of containers for grass seeds and with pendular sowing machines. In the design of the small-sized mountain unit, motion across the slope from top to bottom is performed with a shuttle method with rolling of the sown seeds by press wheels. The grass was oversown on a rarefied section of the northern slope with a slope angle of 1316 on the Sugsadtanrag terrain. CONCLUSIONS: The practical application of the small-sized unit based on the Feng Shou 180 mini-tractor for surface oversowing of grass seeds with their subsequent pressing in areas in highland and piedmont areas ensures detaining of degradation processes of slope areas, accelerated increase in yield, quality and quantity of perennial grasses, improves soil resistance to water and wind erosion.

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“…Сегодня поверхность дернины разбита почти повсеместно, а на отдельных участках -до состояния сыпучих песков. Такие сильно выродившиеся травостои уже не смогут самостоятельно восстановиться до естественного состояния [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Ways to improve low-yield hayfields and pastures in arid areas

Grebennikov¹,

Shipilov²,

Khonina³

et al. 2021

Agrarnaâ nauka

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Relevance. An analysis of the development of feed production in the Stavropol Territory shows that at present, due to the low productivity of natural forage lands, the level of feed production does not meet the requirements for the development of animal husbandry. Illiterate anthropogenic influence in the dry-steppe regions of the region, where about 70% of the number of sheep and 30% of the number of beef cattle are located, led to the fact that up to 300 thousand hectares of hayfields and pastures were subjected to erosion and deflation. However, in recent years, the process of improving forage land has been reduced to a minimum. Therefore, the process of restoring the forage productivity of hayfields and pastures should be given close attention. To this end, in the zone of dry steppes we conducted research on the selection of perennial legumes and grasses of a new generation to create highly productive grassland agrophytocenoses of long-term use.Methods. The experiments were carried out in the conditions of arid and extremely arid zones of the Stavropol Territory. The objects of research were perennial legumes and cereals and their herb mixtures. Restoration of degraded hayfields and pastures was carried out by means of amelioration and superficial improvement.Results. According to our research, by enriching the degenerated grass with valuable legumes and cereals in terms of forage it is possible to significantly increase its productivity and quality. In extremely arid and arid zones the most effective mixtureswere ones involving 4 and 5 components, which yield reached 15.3–23.8 t/ha of green mass, and the yield of feed units per 1 ha was 1.9–2.6 t/ha. The increase in the productivity of the improved herbage had a positive effect on the feed capacity of the land, which increased to 0.83–1.30 conventional heads per 1 ha.

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The way to solve the problem of degradation of mountain pastures of the Central Caucasus

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

The unit for improvement of degenerated mountainside sections

The unit for improvement of degenerated mountainside sections

Small-sized unit for the restoration of herbage in mountain meadows and pastures

Ways to improve low-yield hayfields and pastures in arid areas

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