“…In exploration seismology, a typical 3D digital earth model today may be 1,000 sq.km in area and up to 6–10 km in total depth (Figure 10), requiring over 1 billion computational voxels (Shragge, Bourget, et al., 2019; Shragge, Lumley, et al., 2019). Since each voxel must store 1–10 physical properties (velocity, density, anisotropy, Q, etc.…”