The wheat ABA hypersensitive ERA8 mutant is associated with increased preharvest sprouting tolerance and altered hormone accumulation

Martinez, Shantel A.; Tuttle, Keiko M.; Takebayashi, Yumiko; Seo, Mitsunori; Garland‐Campbell, Kimberly; Steber, Camille M.

doi:10.1007/s10681-016-1763-6

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The primary environmental factors contributing to wheat PHS are wet and high-humidity periods close to harvest and large temperature fluctuations during grain filling ( Jiménez et al, 2017). Other major factors are genetically imposed and include endogenous hormone levels (Tuttle et al, 2015), hormone sensitivity (Walker-Simmons, 1987;Steinbach et al, 1995;Martinez et al, 2016), spike morphology (King and Richards, 1984), seed coat permeability (Debeaujon et al, 2000), seed color (Lin et al, 2016), and seed dormancy (reviewed by Mrva, 2014, andRodríguez et al, 2015). Previous studies have identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) significantly affecting PHS on most wheat chromosomes (reviewed by Flintham et al, 2002, andGao et al, 2013).…”

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Allelic Impacts of TaPHS1, TaMKK3, and Vp1B3 on Preharvest Sprouting of Northern Great Plains Winter Wheats

et al. 2019

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Preharvest sprouting (PHS) of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a common problem that can lead to negative economic impacts arising from yield loss and undesirable end‐use quality. Twenty‐one winter wheats adapted to northwestern Montana were grown over two field seasons and used to assess three loci observed in previous studies to have moderate to large impacts on PHS. The main goal was to validate the usefulness of TaPHS1‐3A (a Mother of Flowering Time‐like gene), TaMKK3‐4A (a mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 3), and Vp1‐1B (Viviparous 1) in breeding for modified dormancy before harvest, as well as to determine their potential relationships to agronomic and seed traits, specifically, falling number and α‐amylase concentrations. Variation in PHS susceptibility across entries ranged from 0% sprout (fully dormant) to 95% sprout (fully nondormant) after 7 d of wetting. Most entries showed an intermediate level of sprouting susceptibility ranging between 10 and 50% sprouted. Alleles previously reported to impact dormancy were found for all three genes but TaPHS1 was the only locus found to be significantly associated with PHS. It is unclear whether variation caused by TaPHS1 may be masking the effects of the other loci, but it is evident that TaPHS1 could be used in a breeding program to modify the level of seed dormancy in winter wheat before harvest.

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Allelic Impacts of TaPHS1, TaMKK3, and Vp1B3 on Preharvest Sprouting of Northern Great Plains Winter Wheats

et al. 2019

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“…ABA signaling can be controlled both at the level of hormone accumulation and at the level of the ABA sensitivity. Endogenous embryo ABA measurements showed that ABA content decreased similarly with after-ripening of ERA8 and wild-type (WT) Zak, suggesting that the phenotype resulted from increased ABA signaling rather than decreased ABA turnover (Martinez et al, 2016). Thus, we hypothesize that ERA8 is defined by a gain-of-function mutation in a positive regulator of ABA signaling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The wheat grain is a caryopsis because it includes a pericarp, but is referred to here as a "grain" or "seed" for the sake of simplicity (reviewed in Bewley et al 2013). Seeds were harvested at physiological maturity, hand threshed, then dry after-ripened at ambient temperature (20-23 °C) and humidity (15-30 %) for 5-7 weeks (as in Martinez et al 2016). Seeds (30-90) were sterilized in a 50 mL tube with 20 mL of 10 % bleach/ 0.01 % SDS for 15 min, then rinsed 3x with 40 mL of sterile deionized water.…”

Section: Seed Germination Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ERA mutants were identified by screening for increased sensitivity to inhibition of seed germination by ABA. The 'ZakERA8' line has strong ABA sensitivity and seed dormancy that is lost rapidly through after-ripening (Schramm et al 2013;Martinez et al 2014Martinez et al , 2016. Moreover, ZakERA8 had higher PHS tolerance in spike-wetting tests (Martinez et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 'ZakERA8' line has strong ABA sensitivity and seed dormancy that is lost rapidly through after-ripening (Schramm et al 2013;Martinez et al 2014Martinez et al , 2016. Moreover, ZakERA8 had higher PHS tolerance in spike-wetting tests (Martinez et al 2016). Thus, mapping of the ERA8 mutation would make it easier to deploy as a source of PHS tolerance in white or red wheat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exome sequencing of bulked segregants identified a novel TaMKK3-A allele linked to the wheat ERA8 ABA-hypersensitive germination phenotype

Martinez

Shorinola

Conselman

et al. 2019

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Author contribution statement: SAM, OS, CMS, and CU designed the experiments. SAM and CMS developed the populations. SAM and SC performed the Louise/ZakERA8 QTL analysis. DZS and DS conducted GBS and analyzed the raw sequence data. SAM performed germination assays for the bulked segregant analysis, fine mapped ERA8, and introgressed ERA8 into breeding lines. OS performed the exome capture, BSA, and designed KASP markers. SAM and OS conducted the RNA sequencing and TaMKK3-A alignment. CMS and CU provided resources. SAM and CMS wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final submission.Abstract: Preharvest sprouting (PHS) is the germination of mature grain on the mother plant when it rains before harvest. The ENHANCED RESPONSE TO ABA8 (ERA8) mutant increases seed dormancy and, consequently, PHS tolerance in soft white wheat 'Zak'. ERA8 was mapped to chromosome 4A in a Zak/'ZakERA8' backcross population using bulked segregant analysis of exome sequenced DNA (BSA-exome-seq). ERA8 was fine-mapped relative to mutagen-induced SNPs to a 4.6 Mb region containing 70 genes. In the backcross population, the ERA8 ABA hypersensitive phenotype was strongly linked to a missense mutation TaMKK3-A-G1093A (LOD 16.5), a gene associated with natural PHS tolerance in barley and wheat. The map position of ERA8 was confirmed in an 'Otis'/ZakERA8 but not in a 'Louise'/ZakERA8 mapping population. This is likely because Otis carries the same natural PHS susceptible MKK3-A-A660 S allele as Zak, whereas Louise carries the PHS tolerant MKK3-A-C660 R allele. Thus, the variation for grain dormancy and PHS tolerance in the Louise/ZakERA8 population likely resulted from segregation of other loci rather than segregation for PHS tolerance at the MKK3 locus. This inadvertent complementation test suggests that the MKK3-A-G1093A mutation causes the ERA8 phenotype. Moreover, MKK3 was a known ABA signaling gene in the 70-gene 4.6 Mb ERA8 interval. None of these 70 genes showed the differential regulation in wild-type Zak versus ERA8 expected of a promoter mutation. Thus, the working model is that the ERA8 phenotype results from the MKK3-A-G1093A mutation. Key MessageUsing bulked segregant analysis of exome sequence, we fine-mapped the ABA hypersensitive mutant ERA8 in a wheat backcross population to the TaMKK3-A locus of chromosome 4A.

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Environmental Impact on Cereal Crop Grain Damage from Pre-harvest Sprouting and Late Maturity Alpha-Amylase

Patwa

Penning

2020

Sustainable Agriculture in the Era of Climate Change

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The wheat ABA hypersensitive ERA8 mutant is associated with increased preharvest sprouting tolerance and altered hormone accumulation

Cited by 13 publications

References 84 publications

Allelic Impacts of TaPHS1, TaMKK3, and Vp1B3 on Preharvest Sprouting of Northern Great Plains Winter Wheats

Allelic Impacts of TaPHS1, TaMKK3, and Vp1B3 on Preharvest Sprouting of Northern Great Plains Winter Wheats

Exome sequencing of bulked segregants identified a novel TaMKK3-A allele linked to the wheat ERA8 ABA-hypersensitive germination phenotype

Environmental Impact on Cereal Crop Grain Damage from Pre-harvest Sprouting and Late Maturity Alpha-Amylase

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