The Wild Side of Disease Control at the Wildlife-Livestock-Human Interface: A Review

Abstract

The control of diseases shared with wildlife requires the development of strategies that will reduce pathogen transmission between wildlife and both domestic animals and human beings. This review describes and criticizes the options currently applied and attempts to forecast wildlife disease control in the coming decades. Establishing a proper surveillance and monitoring scheme (disease and population wise) is the absolute priority before even making the decision as to whether or not to intervene. Disease control can be achieved by different means, including: (1) preventive actions, (2) arthropod vector control, (3) host population control through random or selective culling, habitat management or reproductive control, and (4) vaccination. The alternative options of zoning or no-action should also be considered, particularly in view of a cost/benefit assessment. Ideally, tools from several fields should be combined in an integrated control strategy. The success of disease control in wildlife depends on many factors, including disease ecology, natural history, and the characteristics of the pathogen, the availability of suitable diagnostic tools, the characteristics of the domestic and wildlife host(s) and vectors, the geographical spread of the problem, the scale of the control effort and stakeholders’ attitudes.

Characterization of Gofa Cattle Population, Production System, Production and Reproduction Performance in Southern Ethiopia

“…Milking of cows and taking care of sick animal is mainly the job of wife in many cases for Horrow and Guderu cattle [9]. The report also indicated as cow milking was the duty of female family members.…”

“…In addition for Zala districts livestock share Maze national park. This high disease and parasitic problem in the area might arise from transmissible disease the presence of different wild animals in the area that share park ecosystem with the livestock [9].…”

Evaluating wildlife-cattle contact rates to improve the understanding of dynamics of bovine tuberculosis transmission in Michigan, USA

“…Consistent with previous work (Gortazar et al, 2011(Gortazar et al, , 2015, we focused on characterizing indirect contacts through cattle-related resources such as feed and water which are likely hot spots for pathogen contamination by wildlife species (Atwood et al, 2009;Joseph et al, 2013;Palmer and Whipple, 2006;Ward et al, 2006;Walter et al, 2012). Our findings demonstrate indirect contacts resulting from wildlife visitation to unprotected resources are of primary concern, especially when that same feed is delivered shortly afterwards to cattle.…”

Priorización de enfermedades virales zoonóticas en la interfaz de cerdos silvestres, cerdos domésticos y seres humanos

“…Debido a los brotes de enfermedades en especies amenazadas y la consecuente presencia de veterinarios, así como a los avances de la biología y la interacción entre huéspedes y parásitos, actualmente se presta mayor atención a las enfermedades de la fauna que constituyen una amenaza para los humanos, lo cual favorece los estudios encaminados a conocer mejor la interfaz del cerdo doméstico, el cerdo salvaje y los seres humanos (2).…”