The Wind Industry's Experience with Aesthetic Criticism

Thirty years of North American wind energy acceptance research: What have we learned?

“…Numerous studies have indicated that the diminution of scenic beauty due to existing or proposed wind facilities may contribute to annoyance and is often linked to negative attitudes or reduced support (Bosley & Bosley, 1988;Bush & Hoagland, 2016;Gipe, 1993Gipe, , 1995Jacquet & Stedman, 2013;Pasqualetti & Butler, 1987;Pasqualetti et al, 2002;Phadke, 2010;Rule, 2014). Visual annoyance may also result from "shadow flicker" created near turbines as sunlight passes through the blades of wind turbine in motion (Rule, 2014).…”

“…Early studies found that perceptions that turbines were "unreliable" or often not operating were correlated to negative attitudes and concerns about tax fraud (Gipe, 1993;Pasqualetti & Butler, 1987;Thayer & Freeman, 1987). More recently, Fergen and Jacquet (2016) found that respondents believed nearby turbines were more beautiful when the turbines were in motion, which they attribute to notions of economic productivity of turbines in motion compared to lost economic opportunity of motionless turbines.…”

“…Kaliski & Neeraj, 2013Knopper & Ollson, 2011Knopper et al, 2014Nissenbaum et al, 2012Petrova, 2016Phadke, 2013 Apostol et al, 2016Brannstrom et al, 2011Bush & Hoagland, 2016Fergen & Jacquet, 2016Firestone & Kemption, 2007Firestone et al, 2015Gipe, 19931995Hirsch & Sovacool, 2013Jacquet & Stedman, 2013Krueger et al, 2011Larson & Krannich, 2016Olson-Hazboun et al, 2016Pasqualetti, 20002001;2011aPasqualetti & Bultler, 1987Pasqualetti et al, 2002Petrova 2016Phadke, 2010Rule, 2014Thayer & Freeman, 1987 Groothuis et al, 2008Jensen et al, 2014Krueger et al, 2011Pasqualetti, 2001 Place Attachment Bidwell, 2013Firestone et al, 2009Jacquet & Stedman, 2013 More research on place attachment is needed in the North American context.…”

Beauty in motion: Expectations, attitudes, and values of wind energy development in the rural U.S

“…One of the most obvious impacts of wind energy development is the aesthetic change in the landscape from constructing such massive turbines [22,47,11,48,46]. Traditional electricity sources are made up of physical structures and networks but they remain fairly invisible in our daily lives as the source and generation of electricity is both stationary and often out of sight [26].…”

Visual Impact Assessment of Human Interventions on the Landscape: The case of Wind Farms and Solar Power Plants

“…What is more, there are cases when some turbines in an array are disconnected because of light winds. Gipe [225] points out that differences in rotation velocities between the turbines can affect the viewer's perception.…”