The Working Modules of Long Noncoding RNAs in Cancer Cells

Abstract

It is clear that RNA is more than just a messenger between gene and protein. The mammalian genome is pervasively transcribed, giving rise to tens of thousands of noncoding transcripts, especially long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Whether all of these large transcripts are functional remains to be elucidated, but it is evident that there are many lncRNAs that seem not to be the "noise" of the transcriptome. Recent studies have set out to decode the regulatory role and functional diversity of lncRNAs in human physiological and pathological processes, and accumulating evidence suggests that most of the functional lncRNAs achieve their biological functions by controlling gene expression. In this chapter, we will organize these studies to provide a detailed description of the involvement of lncRNAs in the major steps of gene expression that include epigenetic regulation, RNA transcription, posttranscriptional RNA processing, protein translation, and posttranslational protein modification and highlight the molecular mechanisms through which lncRNAs function, involving the interactions between lncRNAs and other biological macromolecules.

Identification of Long Non-coding RNA Isolated From Naturally Infected Macrophages and Associated With Bovine Johne's Disease in Canadian Holstein Using a Combination of Neural Networks and Logistic Regression

“…lncRNAs are now emerging as important regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses (28)(29)(30). In humans, while they are widely investigated in aging, cancers, and epigenetics (31)(32)(33), there is growing evidence that lncRNAs interfere in the pathogenetic mechanisms of multifactorial disease like Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease (34,35).…”