The Zagros Mountain Range

Noroozi, Jalil; Talebi, Amir; Doostmohammadi, Moslem; Bagheri, Alireza

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45212-4_6

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Over 80 species of the genus Crocus L. have been identified worldwide [ 1 ]. The most common species of this genus is Crocus sativus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common species of this genus is Crocus sativus . Saffron, the most costly food colorant and flavor in the world, is derived from the dried stigmas of C. sativus, and it has been used in folk medicine to treat a range of disorders since ancient times [ 1 – 4 ]. Previous research has uncovered important information about the anti-cancer properties of saffron and its constituents [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are no significant findings regarding the underlying compounds and anticancer characteristics of another Crocus species known as Crocus cancellatus subsp. damascenus [ 1 ]. The main bioactive constituents present in saffron are crocetin, crocin, safranal, and picrocrocin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Picrocrocin is a monoterpene glycoside [ 6 , 7 ]. Crocus cancellatus is abundant throughout Iran, especially in the province of Kurdistan [ 1 ]. The main phytochemicals and the cytotoxic properties of stigmas of this species have not been studied yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of Crocus cancellatus subsp. damascenus (Herb.) B. Mathew Stigmas and Their Anticarcinogenic Effect on Breast Cancer Cells

Shakeri

Savari

Sheikholeslami

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Safranal, crocin, crocetin, and picrocrocin are major known compounds in the stigma extract of Crocus sativus with various medicinal properties. Crocus cancellatus is another Crocus species that grows extensively in Iran’s various regions, such as the Kurdistan province. The predominant metabolites and biological properties of C. cancellatus have not yet been investigated. The ingredients of the stigma ethanol extract of C. cancellatus were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The ROIMCR approach was performed to analyze the LC-MS full scan data sets. This method searches the MS regions of interest (ROI) data in the m/z domain and analyses the results using the multivariate curve-resolution alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) chemometrics technique for simultaneous resolution of two extracts. Also, the antiproliferative properties of C. cancellatus against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cancer cells were examined by MTT, dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide test, Annexin V-FITC/PI, and zymography. The GC-MS and LC-MS untargeted metabolomics data analysis of the extract indicated the presence of cytotoxic agents including safranal, crocin, picrocrocin, and crocetin in the stigma ethanol extract of C. cancellatus. Biological tests showed that the viability of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cancer cells is decreased following C. cancellatus treatment in a time- and dose-dependent way in both monolayer and 3D cell cultures. The MCF-7 cell spheroids had greater resistance to the cytotoxic activity of the extract in 3D cell culture than the MDA-MB-231 cell spheroids. The morphological changes of the cells treated with C. cancellatus stigmas extract were indicative of apoptosis. Zymography analysis revealed a similar trend of matrix metallopeptidase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) activity in the treated cells with C. cancellatus extract in comparison with doxorubicin treatment as a positive control. The findings of this research indicate that the ethanolic extract of C. cancellatus stigmas was a good source of bioactive metabolites with anticancer activity.

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“…Over 80 species of the genus Crocus L. have been identified worldwide [ 1 ]. The most common species of this genus is Crocus sativus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%