The 'Zero Tolerance Village Alliance': A promising intervention for addressing sexual and gender-based violence in rural communities

Nicholson, Fiona; Carty, Craig

doi:10.1186/1753-6561-9-s4-a4

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The majority of studies (n = 75, 54.7%) were conducted in North America, with the remaining split across Europe (n = 32, 23.4%), 49,79,88,91,94,102,[105][106][107] Asia (n = 3, 2.2%), 78,85,87 Africa (n = 11, 8.0%), 90,[132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141] South America (n = 7, 5.1%) 84,104,[142][143][144][145][146] and Australasia (n = 9, 6.6%). 103,[147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154] A breakdown of the specific continents and countries in which studies were conducted is provided in Figure 3 and Table 2.…”

Section: Process and Implementation Evaluations (Rq2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

School-based interventions TO Prevent Dating and Relationship Violence and Gender-Based Violence: STOP-DRV-GBV systematic review

Melendez-Torres,

Orr,

Farmer

et al. 2024

Public Health Res

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Background Schools have a duty of care to prevent violence between students but a significant amount of dating and relationship violence and gender-based violence occurs in schools. These are important public health issues with important longitudinal consequences for young people. Objectives To understand functioning and effectiveness of school-based interventions for the prevention of dating and relationship violence and gender-based violence. Review methods We undertook a mixed-methods systematic review to synthesise different types of evidence relating to school-based interventions for the prevention of dating and relationship violence and gender-based violence to understand if, how and in what ways these interventions are effective. We searched 21 databases and 2 trial registers and undertook forwards and backwards citation chasing, author contact and other supplementary search methods. Searches identified all literature published to June 2021. All screening was undertaken in duplicate and independently, and we quality appraised all included studies. Results We included 247 reports (68 outcome evaluations, 137 process evaluations). Synthesis of intervention components produced an intervention typology: single-component, curricular, multicomponent, and multilevel programmes. Synthesis of intervention theories suggested that interventions aiming to increase students’ sense of school belonging and sense of safety in the school building could encourage increased learning of prosocial skills and increased prosocial peer norms, and so potentially reducing dating and relationship violence and gender-based violence. Synthesis of factors affecting delivery highlighted school organisation and leaders who believed in the importance of addressing dating and relationship violence/gender-based violence, along with time and resources to deliver the interventions. The ease with which the intervention could be delivered and modified was also important. Meta-analysis found stronger evidence for intervention effectiveness in reducing dating and relationship violence than for gender-based violence, with significant long-term impacts on dating and relationship violence victimisation and perpetration, and some evidence that interventions in high-income countries could be effective for reducing victimisation and perpetration of gender-based violence in the long-term. Impacts on knowledge and attitudes were primarily short-term. Network meta-analysis did not suggest superiority of any intervention type. Moderation evidence suggested interventions reduced dating and relationship violence perpetration in boys more than girls, but reduced gender-based violence perpetration more in girls. Metaregression by intervention component did not explain heterogeneity in effectiveness, but qualitative comparative analysis suggested that reducing perpetration was important to reducing victimisation, and that perpetration could be reduced via focus on interpersonal skills, guided practice and (for gender-based violence) implementation of social structural components. Limitations Despite an exhaustive search, trials may have been missed and risk of publication bias was high for several analyses. Conclusions This is the most comprehensive systematic review of school-based interventions for dating and relationship violence and gender-based violence to date. It is clear that the prevention of dating and relationship violence and gender-based violence in schools will require longer-term investment to show benefit. Future work Future research is needed to understand why intervention effectiveness appears stronger for dating and relationship violence than gender-based violence. Study registration The study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42020190463. Funding This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme (NIHR award ref: NIHR130144) and is published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 12, No. 3. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.

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Section: Process and Implementation Evaluations (Rq2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

School-based interventions TO Prevent Dating and Relationship Violence and Gender-Based Violence: STOP-DRV-GBV systematic review

Melendez-Torres,

Orr,

Farmer

et al. 2024

Public Health Res

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“…3. CBAs appear the most effective: There appears to be an emerging view that the most effective interventions are those that engage with both sexes together through community based approaches (WHO, 2010;Dworkin et al, 2013;DfID, 2015a;Nicholson and Carty, 2015;and Mandal and Hinden, 2013 on Malawi). Although, as DfID notes (2015a: 40), the effectiveness of these approaches in transforming masculinities and/or social norms remains "sorely under-researched", their potential for doing so, as well as for reducing male backlash and resistance to GBV interventions in now widely recognised.…”

Section: Tackling Gbv: the Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘A woman’s place…’: community-based approaches to gender-based violence in Malawi

Gaynor¹,

Cronin²

2017

Community Development Journal

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One in five women has experienced gender-based violence (GBV) in Malawi and its incidence is reported to be increasing. The importance of cultural norms, practices, discourses and behaviours in both driving and addressing such violence is now well recognized. So too is the attendant need to involve men as well as women in community interventions to address this. In this context, this article draws on field research conducted in 2016 in two districts in Northern and Southern Malawi exploring the successes and challenges posed by community-based approaches (CBAs) to tackling GBV. We find that CBAs have yielded a number of successes – notably a reported reduction in GBV as communications between couples have improved and economic stresses within households reduced. However, we also find that these same CBAs have raised a number of challenges. These centre around resource distribution; the impact on local power dynamics; and CBA’s ability to challenge and interrogate dominant norms, ideologies, identities and practices. Overall, we argue that, while CBAs appear successful in transmitting the message to both women and men that GBV is unlawful and wrong, their impacts on the principal underlying causal factors remain weak.

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“…Ultimately, positive changes in SGBV are expected to be observed in communities over time, and have been noted in parts of rural South Africa where the ZTVA model has been implemented and tested. 13…”

Section: Theoretical Underpinningsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a community-based SGBV prevention model in emergency settings in Uganda: Testing the 'Zero Tolerance Village Alliance' intervention

Undie¹,

Birungi²,

Obare³

et al. 2016

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Population Council 1 ; Lutheran World Federation 2 ; Thohoyandou Victim Empowerment Programme 3; Child Health & Development Centre 4 ; Refugees Department, Office of the Prime Minister, Uganda 5 UNHCR Regional Services Centre 6 The Population Council confronts critical health and development issues-from stopping the spread of HIV to improving reproductive health and ensuring that young people lead full and productive lives. Through biomedical, social science, and public health research in 50 countries, we work with our partners to deliver solutions that lead to more effective policies, programs, and technologies that improve lives around the world. Established in 1952 and headquartered in New York, the Council is a nongovernmental, nonprofit organization governed by an international board of trustees.

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The 'Zero Tolerance Village Alliance': A promising intervention for addressing sexual and gender-based violence in rural communities

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

School-based interventions TO Prevent Dating and Relationship Violence and Gender-Based Violence: STOP-DRV-GBV systematic review

School-based interventions TO Prevent Dating and Relationship Violence and Gender-Based Violence: STOP-DRV-GBV systematic review

‘A woman’s place…’: community-based approaches to gender-based violence in Malawi

Effectiveness of a community-based SGBV prevention model in emergency settings in Uganda: Testing the 'Zero Tolerance Village Alliance' intervention

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