Theanine Improves Salt Stress Tolerance via Modulating Redox Homeostasis in Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis L.)

Chen, Ziping; Lin, Shijia; Li, Juan; Chen, Tingting; Gu, Quan; Yang, Ting; Zhang, Zhaoliang

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.770398

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Recent studies have reported that the content of theanine decreases during withering, and salt stress could induce theanine accumulation (Chen et al, 2020, 2021; Deng et al, 2012). In this study, it was verified that the content of theanine decreases by activating CsGGT2 during deionized water treatment, and salt stress could inhibit theanine hydrolysis by inhibiting CsGGT2 and enhance the resistance to salt stress in new shoots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

γ‐Glutamyl‐transpeptidase CsGGT2 functions as light‐activated theanine hydrolase in tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.)

Chang

Sun

et al. 2023

Plant Cell & Environment

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Theanine is an important secondary metabolite endowing tea with umami taste and health effects. It is essential to explore the metabolic pathway and regulatory mechanism of theanine to improve tea quality. Here, we demonstrated that the expression patterns of CsGGT2 (γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase), participated in theanine synthesis in vitro in our previous research, are significantly different in the aboveground and underground tissues of tea plants and regulated by light. Light

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

γ‐Glutamyl‐transpeptidase CsGGT2 functions as light‐activated theanine hydrolase in tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.)

Chang

Sun

et al. 2023

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…3 , Additional file 2 : Table S1 and Additional file 3 : Table S2). Amino acids, such as l -theanine and l -proline, are compatible substances that protect plants against stress [ 51 ]. Cd indeed markedly increased l -theanine, l -histidine, and l -proline levels in the roots and leaves (Additional file 1 : Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S6, Additional file 2 : Table S1 and Additional file 3 : Table S2). Chen et al [ 51 ] demonstrated that theanine plants confer salt stress tolerance by regulating redox homeostasis. We also found that l -theanine was induced by Cd stress, and its manner of affecting Cd stress is still elusive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative physiological and metabolomic analyses reveal that Fe3O4 and ZnO nanoparticles alleviate Cd toxicity in tobacco

Zou

Wang

et al. 2022

J Nanobiotechnol

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Background Heavy metals repress tobacco growth and quality, and engineered nanomaterials have been used for sustainable agriculture. However, the underlying mechanism of nanoparticle-mediated cadmium (Cd) toxicity in tobacco remains elusive. Results Herein, we investigated the effects of Fe3O4 and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) on Cd stress in tobacco cultivar ‘Yunyan 87’ (Nicotianatabacum). Cd severely repressed tobacco growth, whereas foliar spraying with Fe3O4 and ZnO NPs promoted plant growth, as indicated by enhancing plant height, root length, shoot and root fresh weight under Cd toxicity. Moreover, Fe3O4 and ZnO NPs increased, including Zn, K and Mn contents, in the roots and/or leaves and facilitated seedling growth under Cd stress. Metabolomics analysis showed that 150 and 76 metabolites were differentially accumulated in roots and leaves under Cd stress, respectively. These metabolites were significantly enriched in the biosynthesis of amino acids, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. Interestingly, Fe3O4 and ZnO NPs restored 50% and 47% in the roots, while they restored 70% and 63% in the leaves to normal levels, thereby facilitating plant growth. Correlation analysis further indicated that these metabolites, including proline, 6-hydroxynicotinic acid, farrerol and quercetin-3-O-sophoroside, were significantly correlated with plant growth. Conclusions These results collectively indicate that metal nanoparticles can serve as plant growth regulators and provide insights into using them for improving crops in heavy metal-contaminated areas. Graphical Abstract

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“…In our recent study, theanine was found to have a positive role in salt stress resistance in the shoot of tea plants by modulating H 2 O 2 accumulation [ 35 ]. In this study, exogenous theanine changed gene expression in roots, and especially altered genes encoding proteins related to extracellular region/apoplast, oxidoreductase activity, oxidation–reduction process, and H 2 O 2 metabolic process ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theanine, a tea-plant-specific non-proteinogenic amino acid, is involved in the regulation of lateral root development in response to nitrogen status

Chen

Lin

Chen

et al. 2022

Horticulture Research

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Glutamine synthetase type I (GSI)-like proteins are proposed to mediate nitrogen signaling and developmental fate by synthesizing yet unidentified metabolite. Theanine, the most abundant non-proteinogenic amino acid in tea plants, is the first identified metabolite synthesized by GSI-like protein (CsTSI) in living system. However, the roles of theanine in nitrogen signaling and development are rarely understood. In the study, we found nitrogen deficiency significantly reduced theanine accumulation and increased lateral root development in tea plant seedlings. Exogenous theanine feeding significantly repressed lateral roots development of tea plant seedlings and model plant Arabidopsis. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in the roots under theanine feeding were enriched in apoplastic pathway and H2O2 metabolism. Consistently, theanine feeding reduced H2O2 levels in the roots. Importantly, when co-treated with H2O2, theanine abolished the promoting effect of H2O2 on lateral root development, in both tea plant and Arabidopsis seedlings. The results of histochemistric assays confirmed that theanine inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the roots. The further transcriptomic analyses suggested the expression of genes encoding enzymes of H2O2 generation and scavenging was down- and up-regulated by theanine, respectively. Moreover, the expression of genes in auxin metabolism and signaling, cell division and cell expansion was also regulated by theanine. Collectively, these results suggested CsTSI-synthesized theanine is likely involved in the regulation of lateral root development, via modulating H2O2 accumulation, in response to nitrogen levels in tea plants. This study also implied that the module consisting of GSI-like protein and theanine-like metabolite is probably conserved in regulating development in response to nitrogen status in plant species.

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Theanine Improves Salt Stress Tolerance via Modulating Redox Homeostasis in Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis L.)

Cited by 13 publications

References 62 publications

γ‐Glutamyl‐transpeptidase CsGGT2 functions as light‐activated theanine hydrolase in tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.)

γ‐Glutamyl‐transpeptidase CsGGT2 functions as light‐activated theanine hydrolase in tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.)

Comparative physiological and metabolomic analyses reveal that Fe3O4 and ZnO nanoparticles alleviate Cd toxicity in tobacco

Theanine, a tea-plant-specific non-proteinogenic amino acid, is involved in the regulation of lateral root development in response to nitrogen status

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